Identification of candidate genes involved in marble color pattern formation in genus Salmo

Sivka, Urška; Snoj, Aleš; Palandačić, Anja; Bajec, Simona Sušnik

doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2013.06.003

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Of four differentially expressed informative genes— hdac1 , vps18 , dct and scg2a —previously proposed to be involved in skin pigment pattern maintenance in marble and brown trout [35], only dct demonstrated a large difference in the present study, and was expressed more than twice as much in the marble trout skin than in the brown trout skin. As explained below, different expression of this gene does not correlate with the phenotype of hybrid individuals, nor do the remaining genes that are involved in pathways that have a known role in pigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Recently, microarray analysis has been undertaken to compare gene expression profiles of whole skin samples of marble and brown trout, with dermis and epidermis, and all differently pigmented regions, considered as a single sample [35]. Four candidate genes for labyrinthine skin pattern have been described— hdac1 , vps18 , dct and scg2a —and it has been proposed that the formation of the labyrinthine pattern at least partially depends upon the Wnt signalling pathway and is based upon a reaction–diffusion mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four candidate genes for labyrinthine skin pattern have been described— hdac1 , vps18 , dct and scg2a —and it has been proposed that the formation of the labyrinthine pattern at least partially depends upon the Wnt signalling pathway and is based upon a reaction–diffusion mechanism. Only genes involved in the biological process ‘pigmentation during development’ were considered as informative [35]. In the present study, to further explore the pathways and genes expressed in the skin and potentially causative to skin pigment pattern in Salmo , we employed high-throughput mRNA sequencing technology on differentially pigmented dermis sections of marble trout and brown trout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of trout skin pigment cells

et al. 2019

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Background Enormous variability in skin colour and patterning is a characteristic of teleost fish, including Salmonidae fishes, which present themselves as a suitable model for studying mechanisms of pigment patterning. In order to screen for candidate genes potentially involved in the specific skin pigment pattern in marble trout (labyrinthine skin pattern) and brown trout (spotted skin pattern), we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis between differently pigmented dermis sections of the adult skin of the two species. Results Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) possibly associated with skin pigment pattern were identified. The expression profile of 27 DEGs was further tested with quantitative real-time PCR on a larger number of samples. Expression of a subset of ten of these genes was analysed in hybrid (marble x brown) trout individuals and compared with the complexity of their skin pigment pattern. A correlation between the phenotype and the expression profile assessed for hybrid individuals was detected for four ( gja5 , clcn2 , cdkn1a and tjp1 ) of the ten candidate genes tested. The potential role of these genes in skin pigment pattern maintenance is discussed. Conclusions Our results indicate that the maintenance of different pigment patterns in trout is dependent upon specific communication—involving gap junctions, tight junctions and ion channels—between chromatophores present in differentially pigmented skin regions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5714-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of trout skin pigment cells

et al. 2019

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“…Such SC pigmentation does not seem to be a simple reaction to the dark water and bottom, as DV always have silvery flanks at the same stream spots. In trout, the development of the pigment pattern is determined by the Wnt gene cascade(Sivka et al, 2013), whose activity is under control of the thyroid axis(Silva et al, 2017;Skah et al, 2017). This fact combined with our experimental and field data allows us to propose that thyroid axis contributes to the pigment pattern diversification of S. malma morphs since they reach the parr life stage…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

Natural toxic impact and thyroid signaling interplay orchestrates riverine adaptive divergence of Dolly Varden.

Есин

Маркевич²,

Melnik

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Adaptive radiation in fishes has been actively investigated over the last decades. Along with numerous well-studied cases of lotic radiation, some examples of riverine sympatric divergence have been recently discovered. In contrast to the lakes, the riverine conditions do not provide evident stability in the ecological gradients. Consequently, external factors triggering the radiation, as well as developmental mechanisms underpinning it, remain unclear. Herein, we present the comprehensive study of external and internal drivers of the riverine adaptive divergence of the salmonid fish Salvelinus malma. In the Kamchatka River, this species splits in the reproductively isolated morphs that drastically differ in ecology and morphology: the benthivorous Dolly Varden (DV) and the piscivorous Stone charr (SC). To understand why and how these morphs originated, we performed a series of field and experimental work, including common-garden rearing, comparative ontogenetic, physiological and endocrinological analyses, hormonal "engineering" of phenotypes.Results We revealed that the type of spawning ground acts as the main external factor driving the radiation of S. malma . In contrast to DV spawning in the leaf krummholz zone, SC reproduces in the zone of coniferous forest, which litter has a toxic impact on developing fishes. SC enhances resistance to the toxicants via metabolism acceleration provided by the elevated thyroid hormone content. These physiological changes lead to the multiple heterochronies resulting in a specific morphology and SC's expansion into a piscivorous niche.Conclusions S. malma represents a notable example of how the thyroid axis contributes to the generation of diverse phenotypic outcomes underlying the riverine sympatric divergence. Our findings, along with the paleoecology data concerning spruce forest distribution during the Pleistocene, provide an opportunity to reconstruct a scenario of S. malma divergence. Taken together, obtained results with the data of the role of thyroid hormones in the ontogeny and diversification of fishes contribute a resource to consider the thyroid axis as a prime director orchestrating the phenotypic plasticity promoting evolutionary diversification under the changing environmental conditions.

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“…Skaala and Jørstad demonstrated that the difference between fine and normally spotted brown trout is caused by a single unidentified gene displaying Mendelian inheritance [ 15 ]. Sivka et al found that differences in spot patterns between brown trout and marble trout ( Salmo marmoratus ) is linked to differences in the expression of four genes involved in Wnt signalling, melanosome biogenesis and proopio-melanocortin (POMC) processing [ 44 ]. We found that narrow sense heritability was low for number of spots (14%) and spot density (6%), much lower than previously found for silver and spotty character in rainbow trout (23–45%) [ 13 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judging a salmon by its spots: environmental variation is the primary determinant of spot patterns in Salmo salar

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIn fish, morphological colour changes occur from variations in pigment concentrations and in the morphology, density, and distribution of chromatophores in the skin. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved in most species. Here, we describe the first investigation into the genetic and environmental basis of spot pattern development in one of the world’s most studied fishes, the Atlantic salmon. We reared 920 salmon from 64 families of domesticated, F1-hybrid and wild origin in two contrasting environments (Hatchery; tanks for the freshwater stage and sea cages for the marine stage, and River; a natural river for the freshwater stage and tanks for the marine stage). Fish were measured, photographed and spot patterns evaluated.ResultsIn the Hatchery experiment, significant but modest differences in spot density were observed among domesticated, F1-hybrid (1.4-fold spottier than domesticated) and wild salmon (1.7-fold spottier than domesticated). A heritability of 6% was calculated for spot density, and a significant QTL on linkage group SSA014 was detected. In the River experiment, significant but modest differences in spot density were also observed among domesticated, F1-hybrid (1.2-fold spottier than domesticated) and wild salmon (1.8-fold spottier than domesticated). Domesticated salmon were sevenfold spottier in the Hatchery vs. River experiment. While different wild populations were used for the two experiments, on average, these were 6.2-fold spottier in the Hatchery vs. River experiment. Fish in the Hatchery experiment displayed scattered to random spot patterns while fish in the River experiment displayed clustered spot patterns.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that while genetics plays an underlying role, environmental variation represents the primary determinant of spot pattern development in Atlantic salmon.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0170-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Identification of candidate genes involved in marble color pattern formation in genus Salmo

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Comparative transcriptome analysis of trout skin pigment cells

Comparative transcriptome analysis of trout skin pigment cells

Natural toxic impact and thyroid signaling interplay orchestrates riverine adaptive divergence of Dolly Varden.

Judging a salmon by its spots: environmental variation is the primary determinant of spot patterns in Salmo salar

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