Identification of bradykinin receptors in clinical cancer specimens and murine tumor tissues

Passive targeting of nanoparticles to cancer: A comprehensive review of the literature

“…Kallikrein generates bradykinin directly from kininogen (21). Bradykinin receptors have been identified in various human and rodent solid tumors (22,23) and it was demonstrated that the bradykinin-generating cascade is activated in neoplastic tissues (24). Bradykinin is present at high levels in the peritoneal and pleural fluids of humans and animals with cancer.…”

Nanomedicine for drug targeting: strategies beyond the enhanced permeability and retention effect

“…In a porcine model of ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption, ie, 1 mHz for 30 minutes, the increase in Evans blue dye extravasation in ultrasoundtreated portions of the brain increased by ~30% relative to nontreated portions. 50 Unfortunately, the groups were highly [53][54][55] and bradykinin receptors, 56 and an increased concentration of nitric oxide, 57 presumably as a consequence of increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase 58,59 within tumors. These factors contribute to the efficacy of AT-IIinduced hypertension, because AT-II may be used to increase blood pressure and therefore the quantity of blood flowing specifically through the tumor vasculature, while minimally affecting healthy vasculature ( Figure 2E).…”

G Protein-Coupled Receptors-Induced Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase (ERK) and Sodium-Proton Exchanger Type 1 (NHE1)

“…Because there is evidence linking BK to the cancerogenic process (Bhoola et al, 2001;Chan et al, 2002), and because NHE1 has been proposed to play role in cancer cells growth (Cardone et al, 2005 ), we wanted to explore the possibility that BK exerts its mitogenic effects via activation of NHE in cancer cell lines. The expression of BK receptors has been demonstrated in clinical speciments of adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, lymphoma, hepatoma and carcinoid, and in experimental mouse sarcoma 180 and colon adenocarcinoma 38 (Wu et al, 2002), in small cell and non-small cell carcinomas of the lung (Chee et al, 2008), and in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Dlamini et al, 2005). The mitogenic effects of BK have been reported in primary cultured epithelial breast cancer cells and in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, where BK stimulated cell proliferation through ERK activation (Greco et al, 2005;Greco et al, 2006).…”