Identification of beta-exotoxin production, plasmids encoding beta-exotoxin, and a new exotoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis by using high-performance liquid chromatography

Levinson, B.L.; Kasyan, KJ; Chiu, SS; Currier, TC; González, Jr Jm

doi:10.1128/jb.172.6.3172-3179.1990

Cited by 75 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The isolation of an acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis mutant that produced large amounts of ␤-exotoxin I was unexpected. Indeed, analysis of strain 407(Cry Ϫ ), which has lost the capacity to produce high levels of ␤-exotoxin I, supported the generally held notion that ␤-exotoxin I production is linked to the presence of plasmids bearing cry genes (16,18). Ozawa and Iwahana (22), by transferring a single 62-MDa plasmid from a B. thuringiensis subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…2). This demonstrated that the toxic compound was ␤-exotoxin I, excluding other insecticide metabolites such as ␤-exotoxin II (18). Quantification of ␤-exotoxin I by HPLC in strains 407(Cry ϩ ) and 407-1(Cry Ϫ )(Pig ϩ ) indicated that the supernatants of these strains yielded up to 90 and 172 g of ␤-exotoxin I/ml, respectively, whereas strain 407(Cry Ϫ ) produced 4.5 g of ␤-exotoxin I/ml ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, several studies have reported that the abilities to secrete ␤-exotoxin I and to produce crystals were transferred together to B. thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus recipient strains by conjugation (22). Plasmids of various sizes, 55 and 60 MDa (16) and 65, 70, 75, and 110 MDa (18), encoding various Cry proteins have been identified as necessary for ␤-exotoxin I production in various B. thuringiensis strains. Nevertheless, little effort has focused on identification of the genetic determinants involved in ␤-exotoxin I production (regulation, synthesis, and/or export).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An ABC Transporter from Bacillus thuringiensis Is Essential for β-Exotoxin I Production

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

␤-Exotoxin I is a nonspecific insecticidal metabolite secreted by some Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Several studies of B. thuringiensis strains that have lost the capacity to produce ␤-exotoxin I have suggested that there is a strong correlation between high levels of ␤-exotoxin I production and the ability to synthesize crystal proteins. In this study, we showed that a mutant strain, B. thuringiensis 407-1(Cry ؊ )(Pig ؉ ), with no crystal gene, produced considerable amounts of ␤-exotoxin I together with a soluble brown melanin pigment. Therefore, ␤-exotoxin I production can take place after a strain has lost the plasmids bearing the cry genes, which suggests that these curable plasmids probably contain determinants involved in the regulation of ␤-exotoxin I production. Using a mini-Tn10 transposon, we constructed a library of strain 407-1(Cry ؊ )(Pig ؉ ) mutants. We screened for nonpigmented mutants with impaired ␤-exotoxin I production and identified a genetic locus harboring two genes (berA and berB) essential for ␤-exotoxin I production. The deduced amino acid sequence of the berA gene displayed significant similarity to the ATP-binding domains of the DRI (drug resistance and immunity) family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins involved in drug resistance and immunity to bacteriocins and lantibiotics. The berB gene encodes a protein with six putative transmembrane helices, which probably constitutes the integral membrane component of the transporter. The demonstration that berAB is required for ␤-exotoxin I production and/or resistance in B. thuringiensis adds an adenine nucleotide analog to the wide range of substrates of the superfamily of ABC proteins. We suggest that berAB confers ␤-exotoxin I immunity in B. thuringiensis, through active efflux of the molecule.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An ABC Transporter from Bacillus thuringiensis Is Essential for β-Exotoxin I Production

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…vegetative insecticidal protein (4,6), secret insecticidal protein (7), thuringiensin (8), zwittermicin A (9), Mtx-like toxin (10), Bin-like toxin (11), etc. The diversity of toxin is paralleled by a diversity in pesticidal activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide Screening Reveals the Genetic Determinants of an Antibiotic Insecticide in Bacillus thuringiensis

Liu¹,

Ruan²,

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thuringiensin is a thermostable secondary metabolite inBacillus thuringiensis and has insecticidal activity against a wide range of insects. Until now, the regulatory mechanisms and genetic determinants involved in thuringiensin production have remained unclear. Here, we successfully used heterologous expression-guided screening in an Escherichia coli-Bacillus thuringiensis shuttle bacterial artificial chromosome library, to clone the intact thuringiensin synthesis (thu) cluster. Then the thu cluster was located on a 110-kb endogenous plasmid bearing insecticide crystal protein gene cry1Ba in strain CT-43. Furthermore, the plasmid, named pBMB0558, was indirectly cloned and sequenced. The gene functions on pBMB0558 were annotated by BLAST based on the GenBank TM and KEGG databases. The genes on pBMB0558 could be classified into three functional modules: a thuringiensin synthesis cluster, a type IV secretion system-like module, and mobile genetic elements. By HPLC coupling mass spectrometer, atmospheric pressure ionization with ion trap, and TOF technologies, biosynthetic intermediates of thuringiensin were detected. The thuE gene is proved to be responsible for the phosphorylation of thuringiensin at the last step by vivo and vitro activity assays. The thuringiensin biosynthesis pathway was deduced and clarified. We propose that thuringiensin is an adenine nucleoside oligosaccharide rather than an adenine nucleotide analog, as is traditionally believed, based on the predicted functions of the key enzymes, glycosyltransferase (ThuF) and exopolysaccharide polymerization protein (Thu1).

show abstract

“…São eles: α-exotoxina (Krieg, A., 1971; Mohd-Salleh, M.B., Beegle, C.C. & Lewis, L.C., 1980), β-exotoxinas (ou thuringiensina, um análogo de adenina) (Carlberg, G., Tikkanen, L. & Abdel-Hameed, A.H., 1995;Levinson, B.L. et al, 1990;Perani, M., Bishop, A.H. & Vaid, A., 1998), enterotoxinas (Gaviria Rivera, A.M., Granum, P.E.…”

Section: Outras Toxinasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelos caracterizando a interação entre as toxinas da família Cry1A de Bacillus thuringiensis e o receptor BT-R1 de Manduca sexta

Sá¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Identification of beta-exotoxin production, plasmids encoding beta-exotoxin, and a new exotoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis by using high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 75 publications

References 36 publications

An ABC Transporter from Bacillus thuringiensis Is Essential for β-Exotoxin I Production

An ABC Transporter from Bacillus thuringiensis Is Essential for β-Exotoxin I Production

Genome-wide Screening Reveals the Genetic Determinants of an Antibiotic Insecticide in Bacillus thuringiensis

Modelos caracterizando a interação entre as toxinas da família Cry1A de Bacillus thuringiensis e o receptor BT-R1 de Manduca sexta

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About