Identification of Bacterial Isolates from Endotracheal Aspirate of Patients in Intensive Care Unit and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Khatun, Mst. Nazma; Shamsuzzaman, SM; Fardows, Jannatul; Siddique, Abu Bakar; Joly, Samsoon Nahar

doi:10.3329/jemc.v8i2.36728

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…A resembling study was done by Khatun Mst and Shamsuzzaman S.M. et al 5 Our study also revealed about the antibiogram that in lower respiratory tract infection in ICU's patients. The most resistant antibiotics in gram positive bacteria Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Levofloxacin and more sensitive antibiotics were Vancomycin, Linezolid, Teicoplanin, and Gentamicin, and the gram negative bacteria most resistant antibiotics Ofloxacin, Cefepime, Cefoperazone, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Meropenem, Levofloxacin, Piperacillin/ tazobactum and more sensitive antibiotics Amikacin, Gentamicin, Colistin, Tigecycline A correlated with the study done by Shahrokhi E. et al 14 having similar results alike Piperacillin/tazobactum was resistant antibiotic and Ceftazidime, Amikacin being the most sensitive antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Bacteriological profile and their antibiogram from Endotracheal aspirate and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from intensive care unit patients

Chitrans

Sharma²,

Maqusood³

et al. 2021

IJMMTD

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Bacterial respiratory infections are most commonly causes of illness for all age group patients in ICU. Most of the patients suffer from urosepsis, postoperative disease and lower respiratory infection when admitted in ICU’s. The main purpose of this study is control in ICU’s infection & determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern for better treatment of patients. Bacteriological profile and their antibiogram from endotracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from intensive care unit patients.We performed manual culture of Endotracheal aspirate & BAL fluid specimens collected from ICU’s patients. Samples were cultured on Blood agar and Mac-Conkey agar then incubated at 37C for 24 hours. Any growth were further confirmed by Gram stain and appropriate biochemical tests, and then Antibiotic sensitivity test was done. Among the 123 mechanically ventilated patients and 68 of them developed positive samples. In this study 55.3% (68) pathogenic isolates, 4.1% (5) were non pathogenic isolates and 40.6 (50) were no growth isolates in BAL and endotracheal aspirate samples. In which 67.6% (46) male and 32.4% (22) female patients. Older population falling in the 40-50 years of age group contributes the majority (27.64%) of the infection undergoing treatment for LRT infection in ICU’s patients in TMMC & RC, Moradabad, and in 70-80 years of age group (4.06%) was less contributes of this infection. Among the causative agents, were most common among gram negatives and was common among the gram positive isolates. In our study more resistance gram positive antibiotics were CIP, E, LE, and most sensitive antibiotics were VA, LZ, GEN and TEI. And gram negative bacteria most resistant antibiotics were OF, CPM, CAZ, CIP, CTR, MRP, LE, IPM, PIT and most sensitive antibiotics were AK, GEN, CL, TGC. In this study we conclude that Gram-negative bacilli were predominant in BAL fluid and endotracheal aspirates of ICU patients. Out of 68 multidrug resistance isolates, 1.47% were MRSA, 41.17% were ESBL and 57.36% were MBL isolates higher rate of ESBL production seen in spp., and higher rate of MBL production in spp.High incidence of VAP and the potential MDR pathogens are a real threat in our ICU’s. Combined approach of judicious antibiotic usage and training programs to health care personnel might be of help in combatting high incidence of antibiotic resistance in our institute.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Most of the patients suffer from urosepsis, postoperative disease and lower respiratory infection when admitted in ICU's. 5 Respiratory tract infection are generally caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter spp., Staph. aureus, Staph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological profile and their antibiogram from Endotracheal aspirate and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from intensive care unit patients

Chitrans

Sharma²,

Maqusood³

et al. 2021

IJMMTD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All S. aureus were sensitive to azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, rifampicin, linezolid, tigecycline, and vancomycin, whereas 50% were identified as MRSA. Other studies also found that 100% of isolated S. aureus were sensitive to linezolid [ 40 , 41 ]. S. aureus also showed different levels of sensitivity (10–50%) to other tested antibiotics, mainly beta-lactam, in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Distribution and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria from endotracheal aspirates among ventilator-assisted pneumonia patients in Indonesia

Andayani

Mahdani

Nisyra

et al. 2023

Narra J

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An accurate and timely identification of causative microorganisms as well as determination of their antibiotic susceptibility patterns will help in the selection of proper antibiotics and prevention of their misuse in pneumonia patients. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from endotracheal aspirates of ventilator-assisted pneumonia patients in Indonesia. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, a provincial reference hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, from January to December 2021. Ventilator-assisted pneumonia patients aged ≥17 years treated in the hospital were considered eligible. Antibiotic susceptibility was valuated using Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion followed with VITEK 2 Compact. We included 57 patients of which 73.7% males and 26.3% aged 56–65 years (represent the majority group of the patients). Each patient reported at least one comorbidity and the average duration of receiving mechanical ventilation was 8.68 days, and more than half (59.7%) of the patients had a poor clinical outcome (died). A total 57 bacteria isolates (consisting nine species) were recovered; 68.5% Gram-negative and 31.5% Gram-positive bacteria. Among 57 patients, Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent isolated Gram-negative bacteria (19.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.8%), and Achromobacter denitrificans (12.3%). A. baumannii exhibited <70% sensitivity to aminoglycoside and carbapenem antibiotics and 100% resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The most abundant Gram-positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus (17.5%), followed by S. haemolyticus (10.5%) and S. epidermidis (3.5%). All S. aureus were sensitive to linezolid, tigecycline, vancomycin, and macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin), whereas 50% were sensitive to some beta-lactams. However, 50% of S. aureus were methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Given the magnitude of multi-drug resistance, an empiric antimicrobial therapy in particular to specific settings and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs are crucial.

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“…Similar findings were also compatible with Khatun's study. 23 Isolated Pseudomonas sp. in the present study, showed high resistance (72.5%-81.2%) to almost all antipseudomonal panel of antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern from endotracheal aspirates: a retrospective observational study over one year at a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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Background: Emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an increasing threat with substantial mortality in critically ill patients. Aetiology and treatment of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients can be evaluated by analysis of culture reports periodically for better understanding of microbial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The present study aimed to analyze the culture and sensitivity pattern of endotracheal aspirates in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was done in the Department of Microbiology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December, 2019. Data were obtained from the laboratory record book conserved in the Department of Microbiology. Isolates of endotracheal aspirates from 715 patients were identified and their antibiotic susceptibility were (done by standard microbiological methods) recorded. Results: Out of total 715 endotracheal aspirates, growth was obtained from 482 (67.4%) samples. Among the 482 culture positive samples, 714 isolates were identified of which 250 (51.9%) yielded single organism and 232 (48.1%) were double organisms. Among total isolates, 642 (89.9%) were bacteria and 72 (10.1%) were fungi. Gram negative bacilli were mostly isolated organisms (85.6%) followed by fungi (10.1%) and gram positive cocci (4.3%). Acinetobacter sp. (40.6%) was the most prevailing of all isolates followed by Klebsiella sp.(29.4%), Pseudomonas sp. (11.2%), Candida sp. (8.7%), Staph. aureus (3.8%), Esch. coli (2.8%) and Aspergillus sp. (1.3%). Almost all (90-100%) of the Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., and Esch. coli showed resistance to 3rd generation cephelasporin, aztreonam, amoxicillin-clavulunate and ciprofloxacin and lowest resistance was noted to tigecycline (5.2%, 13% and 0% respectively). Imipenem was found resistant to 97.6%, 77.4% and 30% in Acinetobactersp, Klebsiella sp. and Esch.coli respectively. Resistant pattern of Pseudomonas sp. to ceftazidime (72.5%), aztreonam (81.2%), imipenem (75%), aminoglycosides (70-76%), ciprofloxacin (72.5%), piperacillintazobactum (41.2%) and colistin (11.2%) were also noted. Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA)were 77.8% and 75% Enterococcus sp. showed high level resistance to gentamicin (HLGRE). No vancomycin resistant Staph. aureus(VRSA) or Enterococcus sp. (VRE) was detected in this study. Conclusion: Gram negative isolates were large-scale than any other microorganism. Of them, Acinetobacter sp. was most quotidian followed by Klebsiella sp. Acinetobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp. were highly resistant to different antibiotics including imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactum. High rate of colistin resistant Pseudomonas sp. were also observed. Combined clinical, microbiological and infection control strategies can guide appropriate patient management and antimicrobial stewardship program to combat antibiotic resistance in critical care set up in Bangladesh. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 195-200

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Identification of Bacterial Isolates from Endotracheal Aspirate of Patients in Intensive Care Unit and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Bacteriological profile and their antibiogram from Endotracheal aspirate and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from intensive care unit patients

Bacteriological profile and their antibiogram from Endotracheal aspirate and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from intensive care unit patients

Distribution and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria from endotracheal aspirates among ventilator-assisted pneumonia patients in Indonesia

Microbial isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern from endotracheal aspirates: a retrospective observational study over one year at a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

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