Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility

Khemaleelakul, Saengusa; Baumgartner, J. Craig; Pruksakorn, Sumalee

doi:10.1067/moe.2002.129535

Cited by 125 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Prevotella baroniae is likely a synonym with Prevotella sp. clones PUS9.180 and E9_42-E4 and has been recently linked to acute apical abscesses (18,30). D. invisus was originally found in infected root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Canal Microbiota of Teeth with Chronic Apical Periodontitis

2008

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Samples from infected root canals of 43 teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were analyzed for the presence and relative levels of 83 oral bacterial species and/or phylotypes using a reverse-capture checkerboard hybridization assay. Associations between the most frequently detected taxa were also recorded. The most prevalent taxa were Olsenella uli (74%), Eikenella corrodens (63%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (56%), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (54%), and Bacteroidetes oral clone X083 (51%). When prevalence was considered only for bacteria present at levels >10 5 , Bacteroidetes clone X083 was the most frequently isolated bacterium (37%), followed by Parvimonas micra (28%), E. corrodens (23%), and Tannerella forsythia (19%). The number of target taxa per canal was directly proportional to the size of the apical periodontitis lesion, with lesions >10 mm in diameter harboring a mean number of approximately 20 taxa. Several positive associations for the most prevalent taxa were disclosed for the first time and may have important ecological and pathogenic implications. In addition to strengthening the association of several cultivable named species with chronic apical periodontitis, the present findings using a large-scale analysis allowed the inclusion of some newly named species and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes in the set of candidate pathogens associated with this disease.Chronic apical periodontitis is arguably one of the most common forms of biofilm-induced diseases that affect humans (9). The disease develops after dental pulp necrosis and infection as a result of caries, trauma, or iatrogenic clinical procedures. The environmental conditions in the necrotic root canal are conducive to the establishment of a microbiota conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial profiles of the endodontic microbiota vary from individual to individual (37); i.e., each individual harbors a unique microbiota in terms of species richness and abundance. This indicates that apical periodontitis has a heterogeneous etiology, where no single species can be considered to be the main endodontic pathogen, and multiple bacterial combinations can play a role in disease causation.Early studies of the microbiota associated with apical periodontitis were conducted using broad-range culture methods. Those studies were followed by a generation of studies employing molecular detection methods such as species-specific PCR and the original checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assay to target cultivable bacteria previously isolated from infected canals or from other oral diseased sites. These methods allowed the inclusion of some culture-difficult species in the set of candidate endodontic pathogens. The adoption of 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis allowed an even more comprehensive broad-range investigation of bacterial communities in endodontic infections. By this technique, not only cultivable species but also as-yet-uncultivated and uncharacterized bacteria can be identified. Studies using the 16S rRNA gene clone library ana...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Canal Microbiota of Teeth with Chronic Apical Periodontitis

2008

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“…The first generation involves studies of the abscess microbiota conducted using open-ended (or broad-range) culture methods, which disclosed many cultivable species in association with the disease (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). The second generation consisted of studies employing closed-ended molecular detection methods, such as species-specific PCR and its derivatives as well as the original checkerboard hybridization assay, to target cultivable bacteria (74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82).…”

Section: Microbiology Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some important limitations of culture make it difficult to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the apical abscess microbiota. Because anaerobic bacteria are dominant in apical abscesses (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49), samples for research or clinical diagnosis using culture should be collected and transported to the laboratory under conditions that favor the survival of these bacteria. The laboratory that will analyze the samples has to be properly prepared and equipped to isolate, cultivate, and identify anaerobes.…”

Section: Microbiology Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiology and Treatment of Acute Apical Abscesses

2013

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SUMMARY Acute apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical abscess may spread and result in severe complications or even mortality. The reasons why dental root canal infections can become symptomatic and evolve to severe spreading and sometimes life-threatening abscesses remain elusive. Studies using culture and advanced molecular microbiology methods for microbial identification in apical abscesses have demonstrated a multispecies community conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Species/phylotypes commonly found in these infections belong to the genera Fusobacterium , Parvimonas , Prevotella , Porphyromonas , Dialister , Streptococcus , and Treponema . Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational biology have substantially enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses and shed some light on the etiopathogeny of this disease. Species richness and abundance and the resulting network of interactions among community members may affect the collective pathogenicity and contribute to the development of acute infections. Disease modifiers, including transient or permanent host-related factors, may also influence the development and severity of acute abscesses. This review focuses on the current evidence about the etiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the process is influenced by host-related factors and proposes future directions in research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease.

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“…The main habitats of these oral Veillonella species are the tongue, buccal mucosa, and saliva (9,10,(33)(34)(35)(36). Oral Veillonella species, especially V. parvula, have been associated with severe early childhood caries (37) and intraradicular infections (38,39), including abscess (40), apical root canals (41), and dentinal tubules (42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Streptococcus spp. and Veillonella tobetsuensis in the Early Stages of Oral Biofilm Formation

Mashima¹,

Nakazawa²

2015

J. Bacteriol.

109

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Dental plaque is a multispecies oral biofilm, the development of which is initiated by adherence of the pioneer Streptococcus spp. Oral Veillonella spp., including V. atypica, V. denticariosi, V. dispar, V. parvula, V. rogosae, and V. tobetsuensis, are known as early colonizers in oral biofilm formation. These species have been reported to coaggregate with Streptococcus spp. in a metabolic cooperation-dependent manner to form biofilms in human oral cavities, especially in the early stages of biofilm formation. However, in our previous study, Streptococcus gordonii showed biofilm formation to the greatest extent in the presence of V. tobetsuensis, without coaggregation between species. These results suggest that V. tobetsuensis produces signaling molecules that promote the proliferation of S. gordonii in biofilm formation. It is well known in many bacterial species that the quorum-sensing (QS) system regulates diverse functions such as biofilm formation. However, little is known about the QS system with autoinducers (AIs) with respect to Veillonella and Streptococcus spp. Recently, autoinducer 1 (AI-1) and AI-2 were detected and identified in the culture supernatants of V. tobetsuensis as strong signaling molecules in biofilm formation with S. gordonii. In particular, the supernatant from V. tobetsuensis showed the highest AI-2 activity among 6 oral Veillonella species, indicating that AIs, mainly AI-2, produced by V. tobetsuensis may be important factors and may facilitate biofilm formation of S. gordonii. Clarifying the mechanism that underlies the QS system between S. gordonii and V. tobetsuensis may lead to the development of novel methods for the prevention of oral infectious diseases caused by oral biofilms. Bacteria exist as multispecies communities in nature, and signaling among the cells is thought to be a part of the community dynamics. A biofilm is a community of bacteria attached to a substratum or surface. The bacteria in biofilms are embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix produced by the bacteria themselves. Bacteria develop biofilms on submerged surfaces such as natural aquatic systems, water pipes, living tissues, tooth surfaces, indwelling medical devices, and implants (1). When bacteria succeed in forming a biofilm within a human host, they become highly resistant to antimicrobial treatment (2). Human dental plaque is a well-recognized example of a natural biofilm that plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis (3).The human oral cavity contains more than 19,000 phylotypes of microbial species (4), and approximately 100 to 200 species are found in a single individual (5). Dental plaque is a multispecies biofilm, the development of which is initiated by the adherence of pioneer species to the salivary proteins and glycoproteins adsorbed on tooth enamel. The biofilm is not formed by random simultaneous colonization by these species but rather by selective, reproducible, sequential colonization (6, 7).ThegenusVei...

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Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility

Cited by 125 publications

References 39 publications

Root Canal Microbiota of Teeth with Chronic Apical Periodontitis

Root Canal Microbiota of Teeth with Chronic Apical Periodontitis

Microbiology and Treatment of Acute Apical Abscesses

Interaction between Streptococcus spp. and Veillonella tobetsuensis in the Early Stages of Oral Biofilm Formation

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