Identification of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O98 from Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys with Diarrhea in China

Qi, Mingpu; Wang, Qiankun; Shengtao, Tong; Zhao, Gang; Hu, Changmin; Chen, Yingyu; Li, Xiang; Yang, Weng Lang; Zhao, Yuchen; Platto, Sara; Duncan, Robertson Ian; Chen, Jianguo; Chen, Huanchun

doi:10.3389/fvets.2017.00217

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Fecal samples were collected from the monkeys by using the protocol described previously [2]. Briefly, fecal samples were collected during one week by two researchers before feeding time in the morning (10:00-11:00) and afternoon (14:00-15:00), when the monkeys had already gone down the mountain, gathered in the trees at the feeding place and waited for their food.…”

Section: Animals Sample Collection and Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, the snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) is an endangered Colobinae species, distributed only in China, Myanmar, and Vietnam, and thereby listed on the Red List of endangered species from the International Union for Conservation of Nature [1]. In China, these animals belong to the first class in national list of protected species which comprises mostly endangered animal species needed to provide government and nongovernment levels of measures for protection of their survival [2]. Currently, approximately 25,000 snub-nosed monkeys are distributed in Hubei, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Gansu provinces, China [3][4][5], and roughly 1,471 live in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, Hubei Province.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiome variations in Rhinopithecus roxellanae caused by changes in the environment

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2023

BMC Genomics

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Background The snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) is an endangered animal species mainly distributed in China and needs to be protected. Gut microbiome is an important determinant of animal health and population survival as it affects the adaptation of the animals to different foods and environments under kinetic changes of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate gut fecal microbiome profiles of snub-nosed monkeys affected by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including raising patterns (captive vs. wild), age, sex, and diarrheal status to provide a reference for making protection strategies. Results The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was firstly used to pre-check clustering of 38 fecal samples from the monkeys including 30 wild and 8 captive (5 healthy and 3 diarrheal) from three Regions of Shennongjia Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China. Then the 24 samples with high-quality DNA from 18 wild and 6 captive (4 healthy and 2 diarrheal) monkeys were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize bacterial gut microbial communities. We discovered that the raising pattern (captive and wild) rather than age and sex was the predominant factor attributed to gut microbiome structure and proportionality. Wild monkeys had significantly higher bacterial diversity and lower Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratios than captive animals. Moreover, the gut microbiomes in wild healthy monkeys were enriched for the genes involved in fatty acid production, while in captive animals, genes were enriched for vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis from carbohydrate intermediates. Additionally, a total of 37 antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) types were detected. Unlike the microbiome diversity, the captive monkeys have a higher diversity of ARG than the wild animals. Conclusion Taken together, we highlight the importance of self-reprogramed metabolism in the snub-nosed monkey gut microbiome to help captive and wild monkeys adapt to different intrinsic and extrinsic environmental change.

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Section: Animals Sample Collection and Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome variations in Rhinopithecus roxellanae caused by changes in the environment

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2023

BMC Genomics

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“…Although closely related with the other 18 O150:H2 strains, these three strains were different on the basis of their sero-and virulotypes. Strains belonging to O98 and O84:H2 serotypes were found before in, respectively, diseased monkeys in China (Qi et al, 2017) and in humans, cattle, and sheep in New Zealand (Cookson et al, 2006). That STEC virulence genes are located on genomes of serotypes different from the most commonly observed ones can be an indication for the fact that new STEC types still arise (Hao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Group B1 Strains Between Calve Stable Manure and Pasture Land With Grazing Heifers

et al. 2020

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Escherichia coli strains carrying Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx 1 and stx 2), intimin (eae), and hemolysin (ehxA) production genes were found in grass shoot, rhizosphere soil, and stable manure samples from a small-scale cattle farm located at the center of Netherlands, using cultivation-dependent and-independent microbiological detection techniques. Pasture land with grazing heifers in the first year of sampling in 2014 and without grazing cattle in 2015 was physically separated from the stable that housed rose calves during both years. Manure from the stable was applied to pasture via injection into soil once per year in early spring. Among a variety of 35 phylogenetic distinctly related E. coli strains, one large group consisting of 21 closely resembling E. coli O150:H2 (18), O98:H21 (2), and O84:H2 (1) strains, all belonging to phylogenetic group B1 and carrying all screened virulence traits, was found present on grass shoots (10), rhizosphere soil (3), and stable manure (8) in 2014, but not anymore in 2015 when grazing heifers were absent. Presence and absence of these strains, obtained via enrichments, were confirmed via molecular detection using PCR-NALFIA in all ecosystems in both years. We propose that this group of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli phylogenetic group B1 strains was originally introduced via stable manure injection into the pasture. Upon grazing, these potential pathogens proliferated in the intestinal track systems of the heifers resulting in defecation with higher loads of the STEC strain onto the grass cover. The STEC strain was further smeared over the field via the hooves of the heifers resulting in augmentation of the potential pathogen in the pasture in 2014, whereas in 2015, in the absence of heifers, no augmentation occurred and only a more diverse group of potentially mild virulent E. coli phylogenetic group A and B1 strains, indigenous to pasture plants, remained present. Via this model, it was postulated that human pathogens can circulate between plants and farm animals, using the plant as an alternative ecosystem. These data indicate that grazed pasture must be considered as a potential carrier of human pathogenic E. coli strains and possibly also of other pathogens.

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“…As such, enclosed environments like zoos provide an opportunity for intermingling of human and monkey populations ( 27 ). Previous studies have detected several zoonotic pathogens were detected in free-ranging or zoo-captive monkeys in China, such as Escherichia coli O98 ( 28 ), Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( 29 ), Bartonella quintana infection in captive or wild rhesus macaques ( 30 ). In addition, canine distemper virus ( 31 ), novel noroviruses, enteroviruses and enteric parasites such as Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Gut Microbiome and Resistomes of Wild and Zoo-Captive Macaques

et al. 2022

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Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are the most widely distributed species of Old World monkey and are frequently used as animal models to study human health and disease. Their gastrointestinal microbial community likely plays a major role in their physiology, ecology and evolution. Herein, we compared the fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes in 15 free-ranging and 81 zoo-captive rhesus macaques sampled from two zoos in China, using both 16S amplicon sequencing and whole genome shotgun DNA sequencing approaches. Our data revealed similar levels of microbial diversity/richness among the three groups, although the composition of each group differed significantly and were particularly marked between the two zoo-captive and one wild groups. Zoo-captive animals also demonstrated a greater abundance and diversity of antibiotic genes. Through whole genome shotgun sequencing we also identified a mammalian (simian) associated adenovirus. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of resistomes and microbiomes in zoo-captive and free-ranging monkeys, revealing that semi-captive wildlife might harbor a higher diversity of antimicrobial resistant genes.

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Identification of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O98 from Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys with Diarrhea in China

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Gut microbiome variations in Rhinopithecus roxellanae caused by changes in the environment

Gut microbiome variations in Rhinopithecus roxellanae caused by changes in the environment

Circulation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Group B1 Strains Between Calve Stable Manure and Pasture Land With Grazing Heifers

Characterization of the Gut Microbiome and Resistomes of Wild and Zoo-Captive Macaques

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