Identification of an intestinal microbiota signature associated with hospitalized patients with diarrhea

Abstract

As an important global health challenge, diarrhea kills nearly two million people each year. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) usually manifests itself as the diarrhea-predominant subtype. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has been observed more frequently in patients with IBS compared to healthy controls. However, the pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, and based on recent evidences, altered gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of IBS. Therefore, we aimed to compare the microbiome in hospitalized patients with diarrhea and healthy individuals. Thirty patients and 10 healthy controls were included into this case–control study. Microbial count was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method using bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Clostridium cluster IV and Bacteroides were significantly more frequent in the patients compared with the healthy individuals (p = 0.02 and 0.023, respectively). However, the quantity of Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium groups were significantly higher in healthy controls than in diarrheal group (p = 0.000076 and 0.001, respectively). The results showed that the number of bacteria in all bacterial groups was significantly different between healthy individuals and diabetic group, whereas the difference between the healthy group and IBS was not significant for Bifidobacterium group. The findings of this study outlined the relationship between diarrhea, IBS, and diabetes disease and bacterial composition. It could be concluded that modifying the bacterial composition by probiotics can be helpful in the control and management of the mentioned disease.

Neurotransmitter and Intestinal Interactions: Focus on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

“…According to clinical manifestations, IBS can be classified into the following subtypes: unclassified (IBS-U), mixed type (IBS-M), constipation-predominant (IBS-C), and diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D) ( 52 , 53 ), among which diarrhea type is the most prevalent. The gut microbiota of patients differs among different IBS subtypes, and it is speculated to be related to the typical constipation subtype ( 54 ). Studies have reported that patients with reduced IBS symptoms after FMT had lower depression scores, but the depression scores of patients who received placebo treatment did not change ( 55 ).…”

The landscape of microbiota research in Iran; a bibliometric and network analysis

“…Another case-control study by Tavasoli S et al [37] in 2019 investigated the abundance of Oxalobacter formigenes, Lactobacillus genus and Bifidobacterium genus in the gastrointestinal tract of the patients suffering from recurrent calcium kidney stone formation and normal population through quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, Mohammadzadeh N et al [38] in 2019 employed a quantitative real-time PCR technique to compare the gut microbiome profile of hospitalized patients with diarrhea to healthy individuals. Also, Heidarian F et al [39] in 2019 carried out a case-control study on the relative quantity of thirteen different bacterial families that were detected in the stool sample of patients with IBD and healthy participants through realtime PCR.…”