Identification of an intermediate for 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin synthesis in a race-2 isolate of Fulvia fulva (syn. Cladosporium fulvum)

Medina, Rocío; Lucentini, César Gustavo; Franco, Mario Emilio Ernesto; Petroselli, Gabriela; Rosso, Janina A.; Erra‐Balsells, Rosa; Balatti, Pedro Alberto; Saparrat, Mario Carlos Nazareno

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01036

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The observation for high pigmentation in UV-irradiated samples is consistent with the role of melanin in protecting fungi from UV 37 . Cladosporium produces melanin by through the DHN pathway and has been implicated in radiotolerance/radiotropism 17 , 38 , 39 . The lower level of pigmentation in gamma irradiated samples, however, contrasts prior reports that suggest melanin provides enhanced protection against gamma irradiation 13 , 37 , 40 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating changes in growth and pigmentation of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii in response to gamma and ultraviolet irradiation

Bland

Gribble

Hamel

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Melanin-containing fungi (black molds) have the capacity to thrive under extreme environmental conditions such as the elevated radiation levels inside the former Chernobyl reactors. These fungi have been hypothesized to grow toward and use gamma radiation as an energy source, but the literature does not clearly address which energies of the electromagnetic spectrum, if any, positively affect fungal growth. The goal of this work was to characterize the response of non-melanized and melanized fungi to two distinct electromagnetic wavelengths, i.e., ultraviolet (UV) and gamma ray, keeping absorption and other potentially confounding variables constant. Exposure to UV or gamma radiation induced significant changes in fungi pigmentation, but not growth rate of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii. Specifically, increased pigmentation of both fungi was observed in samples exposed to UV, while decreased pigmentation was observed for gamma-irradiated samples. These results provide new insights into the role of electromagnetic energies on growth of fungi and provide an impetus to examine additional energies and types of radiation to develop a fundamental understanding of this phenomenon.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating changes in growth and pigmentation of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii in response to gamma and ultraviolet irradiation

Bland

Gribble

Hamel

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…DHN-melanin related metabolites, such as flaviolin and have been identified as a specific marker of DHN-melanin by UV-MALDI-MS in extracts of P. griseola f. mesoamericana [59] and in those of Fulvia fulva [118].…”

Section: Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Extraction to Advanced Analytical Methods: The Challenges of Melanin Analysis

Pralea

Moldovan

Petrache

et al. 2019

IJMS

172

193

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The generic term “melanin“ describes a black pigment of biological origin, although some melanins can be brown or even yellow. The pigment is characterized as a heterogenic polymer of phenolic or indolic nature, and the classification of eu-, pheo- and allo- melanin is broadly accepted. This classification is based on the chemical composition of the monomer subunit structure of the pigment. Due to the high heterogeneity of melanins, their analytical characterization can be a challenging task. In the present work, we synthesized the current information about the analytical methods which can be applied in melanin analysis workflow, from extraction and purification to high-throughput methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass-spectrometry or pyrolysis gas chromatography. Our thorough comparative evaluation of analytical data published so far on melanin analysis has proven to be a difficult task in terms of finding equivalent results, even when the same matrix was used. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of prior knowledge of melanin types and properties in order to select a valid experimental design using analytical methods that are able to deliver reliable results and draw consistent conclusions.

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“…Purity was verified via Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry – DART-MS ( m/z = 206), and 1 H NMR: (400 mHz, acetone D 6 ) δ 12.53 ppm (s, OH), 2.29 ppm (m, CH), 6.11 ppm (s, CH), 7.08 ppm (d, CH) and 6.61 ppm (d, CH) which is in agreement with the previous literature report. 75,76…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling Expression Strategies for a Type III Polyketide Synthase in a Lysate-Based, Cell-free System

Sword,

Dinglasan,

Abbas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Some of the most metabolically diverse species of bacteria (e.g., Actinobacteria) have higher GC content in their DNA, differ substantially in codon usage, and have distinct protein folding environments compared to tractable expression hosts like Escherichia coli. Consequentially, expressing biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from these bacteria in E. coli frequently results in a myriad of unpredictable issues with protein expression and folding, delaying the biochemical characterization of new natural products. Current strategies to achieve soluble, active expression of these enzymes in tractable hosts, such as BGC refactoring, can be a lengthy trial-and-error process. Cell-free expression (CFE) has emerged as 1) a valuable expression platform for enzymes that are challenging to synthesize in vivo, and as 2) a testbed for rapid prototyping that can improve cellular expression. Here, we use a type III polyketide synthase from Streptomyces griseus, RppA, which catalyzes the formation of the red pigment flaviolin, as a reporter to investigate BGC refactoring techniques. We synergistically tune promoter and codon usage to improve flaviolin production from cell-free expressed RppA. We then assess the utility of cell-free systems for prototyping these refactoring tactics prior to their implementation in cells. Overall, codon harmonization improves natural product synthesis more than traditional codon optimization across cell-free and cellular environments. Refactoring promoters and/or coding sequences via CFE can be a valuable strategy to rapidly screen for catalytically functional production of enzymes from BCGs. By showing the coordinators between CFE versus in vivo expression, this work advances CFE as a tool for natural product research.

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Identification of an intermediate for 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin synthesis in a race-2 isolate of Fulvia fulva (syn. Cladosporium fulvum)

Cited by 15 publications

References 70 publications

Evaluating changes in growth and pigmentation of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii in response to gamma and ultraviolet irradiation

Evaluating changes in growth and pigmentation of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Paecilomyces variotii in response to gamma and ultraviolet irradiation

From Extraction to Advanced Analytical Methods: The Challenges of Melanin Analysis

Profiling Expression Strategies for a Type III Polyketide Synthase in a Lysate-Based, Cell-free System

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