Identification of an effective nondestructive technique for bond defect determination in laminate composites—A technical review

Abstract

Laminate composites are commonly used for the production of critical mechanical structures and components such as wind turbine blades, helicopter rotors, UAV wings and honeycomb st ructures for aircraft wings. During the manufacturing process of these composite structures, z ones or areas with weak bond strength are always an issue which may affect the strength and p erformance of components. The identification and quantification of these zones are always ch allenging and necessary for the mass production. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods avai lable, including ultrasonic A, B, and C-Scan, laser shearography, X-ray tomography and ther mography can be useful for the mentioned purposes. However, a comparison of these techniq ues concerning their capacity of identification and quantification of bond defect still needs a comprehensive review. In this paper, a detailed comparison of several NDT techniques is provided. Emphasis is placed to institute a guideline to select the most suitable technique for the identification of zones with bond defects in laminated composites. A literature review of NDT techniques informs us that the ultrasonic-based testing techniques are more effective for providing bond defect information as compared to their non-ultrasonic counterparts. Experimental tests on different

Review of Current Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing (GWUT) Limitations and Future Directions

“…The transducer's major component is the piezoelectric material that can transform electrical energy into mechanical vibrations and vice versa [81,82]. The relationship between the material's electrical and mechanical effects is in Equations ( 10) and (11). The parameters of the equations are defined in Table 1.…”

“…Conventionally, inspection for damage on a structure can be appraised visually and manually but principally limited to its surface access. There is a need for damage inspection beyond the surface, hence the non-destructive testing, NDT [ 10 , 11 ]. Researchers and industries adopt non-destructive testing to inspect the internal and external health condition of structures without destroying it [ 9 ].…”

Numerical-Experimental characterization of honeycomb sandwich panel and numerical modal analysis of implemented delamination

“…he non-destructive testing (NDT) is crucially important for composite structures during manufacturing, as well as in-service maintenance and repair and it play a fundamental role in the characterization of composite materials [19][20][21]. In this study, For the experimental modal procedure, the honeycomb sandwich plate surface is marked by 5 5  parallel grid points with the size of each element is 62.5 52.5 mm mm  .…”

Non-destructive testing and evaluation of composite materials/structures: A state-of-the-art review

“…These have demonstrated effectiveness in quality assurance throughout the whole lifecycle of composite products, that is, in process design and optimisation, process control, manufacture inspection, in-service detection and structural health monitoring. 5 There are reviews available on NDT methods used for composite research over different timelines, focusing on various aspects: for general methods and trends over last 30 years refer to, 4,6–11 specific areas include those which concentrate on porosity in composite repairs, 12 crack damage detection, 13 bond defect determination in laminates, 14 thick-wall composites, 15 sandwich structures, 16,17 large-scale composites, 18 smart structures, 19 as well as inspection and structural health monitoring of composites, 20,21 especially for marine, 22 wind turbine 23–26 and aerospace applications. 27,28 Audiences are recommended to refer to further information on their specific interests.…”