Identification of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes by Susceptibility Testing: Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
            in Japan

Ida, Takashi; Okamoto, Ryoichi; Shimauchi, Chieko; Okubo, Toyoji; Kuga, Akio; Inoue, Matsuhisa

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.9.3115-3121.2001

Cited by 115 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, the frequency rate of the ant(4')-Ia gene was higher than in the previous study performed in Iran (23) (42.2%), Japan (84.5%) (24) and Turkey (24%) (10). The rate of aph(3´)-IIIa gene in this study was 31.6%, which is in accordance with the results of a study in Iran by Rahimi (23), and was higher than Japan (8.9%) (24) and lower than Turkey (66%) (10). In the present study, all the MRSA isolates resistant to gentamicin were positive for the aac(6 )/aph(2 ) gene, which is consistent with other reports (23,25).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Molecular Characterization and Resistance Profile of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Intensive Care Unit, Tehran-Iran

Nezhad

Meybodi

Rezaee

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunistic pathogen and can cause a wide range of infections. The ability of this pathogen to successfully persist within the hospital and the community is largely due to its remarkable ability to acquire resistance against various antimicrobial agents. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the carriage of antibacterial resistance genes and virulence markers of S. aureus isolates from hospitalized patients in intensive care units in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was conducted during an 11-month period since March 2015 to January 2016, a total of 105 S. aureus strains were investigated. MRSA screening was performed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess the sensitivity of S. aureus strains. The strains were typed based on the polymorphisms in SCCmec types. The presence of resistance (ermA, ermB, ermC, mupA, msrA, msrB, tetM, ant (4´)-Ia, aac (6´)-Ie/aph (2˝), aph (3´)-IIIa) and toxin (etb, eta, pvl, tst) encoding genes were investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: In this study, 105 isolates of S. aureus were obtained from 299 various clinical specimens. Ninety five (90.5%) strains were confirmed as methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The lowest levels of resistance were related to quinupristin-dalfopristin (16.8%) while the highest levels of resistance were related to penicillin (94.7%). Multi-drug resistance was observed in 91.5% of the isolates. Type IV was the most prevalent SCCmec type (57.9%), followed by type III (22.1), type V (12.6%), I (5.3%), and II (2.1%). Overall, 25 isolates (26.3%) harbored PVL-encoding genes, and all of them belonged to SCCmec type IV. The presence of resistance genes ant(4´) ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, msrB, and tetM was detected in 94.7%, 81.1%, 31.6%, 31.6%, 15.9%, 18.9%, 47.3%, 21.1%, 56.8%. The frequency of the etb, eta, and tst genes were 1.1%, 4.2%, and 32.6%, respectively. Conclusions:The results illustrated the diversity of antibacterial resistance and virulence gene profiles among different SCCmec types of S. aureus. The increased prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates containing different toxin and antibiotic resistance genes is a serious threat for the hospitalized patients in the intensive care units.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Molecular Characterization and Resistance Profile of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Intensive Care Unit, Tehran-Iran

Nezhad

Meybodi

Rezaee

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…This indicated the spread of a specific type of MRSA in Japan. Similar results have been reported using a different approach [16]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Trends of Arbekacin-resistant MRSA Strains in Japanese Hospitals (1979 to 2000)

Tsuchizaki¹,

Ishino

Saito

et al. 2006

J Antibiot

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A total of 472 clinical strains of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in Japan between 1979 and 2000 were investigated for resistance to 8 aminoglycosides, 4 aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene profiles, and AluI-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the coagulase gene determined by polymerase chain reaction assay. The majority of MRSA strains tested belonged to 4 groups based on coa-RFLP: L21, L22, L31, and M22. About 90% of recent isolates belonged to type L21, indicating the spread of a specific type of MRSA in Japan. Of the type L21 strains, 41.9% included the aac(6Ј)/aph(2Љ) gene, which was one of the risk factors of arbekacin (ABK) resistance, but only 5.5% were resistant to ABK. In contrast, all of the type M22 strains carried aac(6Ј)/aph(2Љ) and 70.1% showed ABK resistance. Among the other types, less than 20% of strains showed ABK resistance. These results suggested that ABK has maintained potent activity. If the predominance of type L21 continues, there will be no progression to ABK resistance in MRSA. However, it may be necessary to monitor the trends in type M22 continuously.

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“…Cycling parameters consisted of an initial cycle at 94°C for 5 min; 30 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 60°C for 30 s, and extension at 74°C for 2 min; and a final 5-min incubation at 74°C. Detection of AAC(6Ј)/APH(2Љ) was carried out as described by Ida et al (13). Clinical isolates and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Environments of the rmtA Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates

Yamane

Doi

Yokoyama

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Nine Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showing very high levels of resistance to various aminoglycosides have been isolated from clinical specimens in seven separate Japanese hospitals in five prefectures since 1997. These strains harbor the newly identified 16S rRNA methylase gene (rmtA). When an rmtA gene probe was hybridized with genomic DNAs of the nine strains digested with EcoRI, two distinct patterns were observed. The 11.1-and 15.8-kb regions containing the rmtA genes of strains AR-2 and AR-11, respectively, were sequenced and compared. In strain AR-2, a transposase gene-like sequence (sequence 1) and a probable tRNA ribosyltransferase gene (orfA) were located upstream of rmtA, and a Na ؉ /H ؉ antiporter gene-like sequence (sequence 2) was identified downstream of rmtA. This 6.2-kbp insert (the rmtA locus) was flanked by 262-bp ␥ elements. Part of the orfQ gene adjacent to an inverted repeat was found outside of the rmtA locus. In strain AR-11, the rmtA gene and sequence 2 were found, but the 5 end of the orfA gene was truncated and replaced with IS6100. An orfQ-orfI region was present on each side of the rmtA gene in strain AR-11. The G؉C content of the rmtA gene was about 55%, and since the newly identified rmtA gene may well be mediated by some mobile genetic elements such as Tn5041, further dissemination of the rmtA gene could become an actual clinical problem in the near future.

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Identification of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes by Susceptibility Testing: Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan

Cited by 115 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Characterization and Resistance Profile of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Intensive Care Unit, Tehran-Iran

Molecular Characterization and Resistance Profile of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Intensive Care Unit, Tehran-Iran

Trends of Arbekacin-resistant MRSA Strains in Japanese Hospitals (1979 to 2000)

Genetic Environments of the rmtA Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates

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