Identification of amblyogenic risk factors with the Brückner reflex test using the low-cost Arclight direct ophthalmoscope

Tuteja, Sahib Y.; Blaikie, Andrew; Kekunnaya, Ramesh

doi:10.1038/s41433-020-01341-9

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…14,20 Any coaxial light source which is easily portable would be suitable for this purpose. 21 Direct ophthalmoscopes are easily available, lesser expensive and do not require specialized training in its use. It is also quick to use as demonstrated by Kothari who could complete the examination in ten seconds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 We used an autorefractometer to objectively assess the refractive errors in the children even though most studies have compared the modified Brückner test with results of cycloplegic refraction. [14][15][16][17]21 Due to low hospital accrual, lack of time, and non-consenting parents, cycloplegic refraction was not performed in our study. Further, we wished to analyse the eye under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Refractive Error Using Direct Ophthalmoscopy in Children

Vijendran,

Kamath,

Alok

et al. 2024

OPTH

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Refractive error is a major cause of visual impairment in children and its early detection can prevent ocular morbidity such as amblyopia and strabismus. Brückner test is a comprehensive test which can be easily administered in children using a direct ophthalmoscope. We aimed to determine refractive error in children by analysis of the red reflex using modified Brückner test. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 683 undilated eyes of 683 children aged four to 10 years. They were evaluated with a direct ophthalmoscope from one meter in a dimly lit room. The characteristics of the red reflex and crescent obtained were compared with photoscreener refraction value and analyzed. Results: The presence of superior crescent was associated with hypermetropia (Chi square 37.11, p < 0.001, kappa = 0.15) and inferior crescent with myopia (Chi square 157.29, p < 0.001, kappa = 0.477). Superior crescent was 98.4% sensitive in detecting hypermetropia. Hypermetropia greater than +1.5D, was associated with larger superior crescent crossing horizontal midline of pupil (Chi square = 5.29, p = 0.021). Conclusion:The modified Brückner test is useful in detection and quantification of refractive error in children. It is easy, simple, quick and can be employed in the community as a screening test to detect potentially amblyogenic refractive errors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%