Identification of adjuvants in plant protection products applying a suspect screening workflow based on orthogonal techniques

López‐Ruiz, Rosalía; Belmonte-Sánchez, Eva; Romero‐González, Roberto; Vidal, José Luis Martı́nez

doi:10.1007/s00216-020-02662-0

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In relation to other studies, glyceryl monostearate and 4‐decylbenzenesulfonic acid were also detected in the research carried out by López‐Ruiz et al ., 19 where glyceryl monostearate had been confirmed and quantified at concentrations between 1.40 and 1.64 g L −1 , in EC PPPs. However, 4‐decylbenzenesulfonic acid could only be tentatively identified.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Therefore, considering these results, it can be assumed that the concentration of the co‐formulants is different, but there is not a clear correlation. The same conclusion was made by López‐Ruiz et al ., 19 observing that, depending on the brand of PPP, diverse ranges of co‐formulant concentrations are used.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Similar information was achieved in the current research, and with regard to glyceryl monostearate, this was detected in the EC formulations, achieving concentrations up to 5.98 g L −1 (in MASSOCUR 12.5) and 6.61 g L −1 (in LATINO). Based on these results, concentrations up to five times higher than in the study carried out by López‐Ruiz et al 19 . were achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…200 mg kg −1 body weight in rats. 19 Even though N,N-dimethyldecanamide has been classified as a developmental toxicant in rodents, there are no data related to its toxicity. 25 In general, DMSO has low acute and chronic toxicity for animal, plant and aquatic life.…”

Section: Study Of Type Of Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Glaubitz et al 4 performed a study to quantify sulfosuccinate surfactant in a commercial formulation, using LC coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS). Furthermore, PPPs have been investigated by LC-Exactive Orbitrap-MS 19 and nine compounds were characterized in three EC formulations. Glycol ether, and benzene and naphthalene derivatives were detected and a semiquantitation of these compounds was performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the composition of plant protection products in different formulation types employing suspect screening and unknown approaches

2022

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BACKGROUND Plant protection products (PPPs) are used extensively in agriculture to control crops. These PPPs, which may be found in different types of formulations, are composed of a designated pesticide (active principle) and other inactive ingredients as co‐formulants. They perform specific functions in the formulation, as solvents, preservatives or antifreeze agents, among others. RESULTS A research technique based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a Quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass analyzer was successfully applied to characterize the composition of six different PPPs in terms of the presence of co‐formulants and types of formulations: emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion in water (EW), suspension concentrate and water‐dispersible granule. These PPPs (FLINT MAX, MASSOCUR 12.5 EC, IMPACT EVO, TOPAS, LATINO and IMPALA STAR) had antifungal activity, containing one triazole compound as active principle (tebuconazole, penconazole, myclobutanil, flutriafol or fenbuconazole, respectively). Non‐targeted approaches, applying suspect and unknown analysis, were carried out and ten compounds were identified as potential co‐formulants. Six (glyceryl monostearate, 1‐monopalmitin, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N‐dimethyldecanamide, hexaethylene glycol and 1,2‐benzisothiazol‐3(2H)‐one) were confirmed by injecting analytical standards. Finally, these compounds were quantified in the PPPs. CONCLUSION The current study allowed for detecting co‐formulants in a wide range of concentrations, between 0.04 (dimethyl sulfoxide) and 19.00 g L−1 (glyceryl monostearate), highlighting the feasibility of the proposed analytical methodology. Moreover, notable differences among the types of formulations of PPPs were achieved, revealing that EC and EW were the formulations that contained the largest number of co‐formulants (four out of six detected compounds). © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Study Of Type Of Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the composition of plant protection products in different formulation types employing suspect screening and unknown approaches

2022

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Characteristic response of formulation ingredients revealed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐high resolution mass spectrometry‐based untargeted screening of pesticides in soil

et al. 2023

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Commercial solutions of pesticides consist of two main components: The active substance and the formulation ingredients. These ingredients, mainly composed of polymeric surfactants, are considered inert vis‐à‐vis the targeted organisms and nature. Nonetheless, a relatively low attention is given to their analysis and fate tracking in the environment. In this context, the current paper, embedded in a large study of fate and impact of formulated pesticides in soil, focuses on the analysis of these formulation ingredients. It mainly highlights and discusses the characteristic response of these ingredients in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based untargeted screening of two commercial herbicides applied on soil. This characteristic response is based on different spectral and chromatographic aspects, as their amplified adducts and double‐charged ions formation, or their “wavy” chromatographic profiles and the inversion of their elution order following the polymerization degree. These patterns are briefly discussed in order to explain them, and then thanks to their understanding, 12 different series (165 compounds) of formulation ingredients were outlined and discriminated from active substance and soil metabolites. After, high‐resolution and tandem mass spectrometry data were investigated for rapid interseries and intraseries identification‐by‐chain. In addition, recommendations for methods development and hints on postanalytical data processing for identity determination of these ingredients are given in order to help in enhancing future studies. Limitations of the applied approach are also outlined, and some innovate suggestions are provided based on the described findings.

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Non-targeted analysis of co-formulants in antifungal pesticide formulations by gas chromatography-tandem high resolution mass spectrometry

Hergueta-Castillo

López‐Ruiz

Romero-González

et al. 2022

Journal of Chromatography A

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Identification of adjuvants in plant protection products applying a suspect screening workflow based on orthogonal techniques

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of the composition of plant protection products in different formulation types employing suspect screening and unknown approaches

Characterization of the composition of plant protection products in different formulation types employing suspect screening and unknown approaches

Characteristic response of formulation ingredients revealed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐high resolution mass spectrometry‐based untargeted screening of pesticides in soil

Non-targeted analysis of co-formulants in antifungal pesticide formulations by gas chromatography-tandem high resolution mass spectrometry

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