Identification of a supercritical fluid extraction process for modelling the energy consumption

Hämäläinen, Henri; Ruusunen, Mika

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.124033

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The process consists of six parts, namely, the extraction reactor, extract separator, condenser, CO 2 storage, CO 2 flow pre-heater, and pump, as shown in Figure 2. A set of central composite design experimental test runs were performed and state-space models for the process components were identified in [23,24]. Thus, the simulator used represents a validated model of the physical process.…”

Section: Simulated Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Single Control Loop Performance Monitoring Methods

Pätsi,

Ohenoja,

Kukkasniemi

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Well-performing control loops have an integral role in efficient and sustainable industrial production. Control performance monitoring (CPM) tools are necessary to establish further process optimization and preventive maintenance. Data-driven, model-free control performance monitoring approaches are studied in this research by comparing the performance of nine CPM methods in an industrially relevant process simulation. The robustness of some of the methods is considered with varying fault intensities. The methods are demonstrated on a simulator which represents a validated state-space model of a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction process. The simulator is constructed with a single-input single-output unit controller for part of the process and a combination of relevant faults in the industry are introduced into the simulation. Of the demonstrated methods, Kullback–Leibler divergence, Euclidean distance, histogram intersection, and Overall Controller Efficiency performed the best in the first simulation case and could identify all the simulated fault scenarios. In the second case, integral-based methods Integral Squared Error and Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error had the most robust performance with different fault intensities. The results highlight the applicability and robustness of some model-free methods and construct a solid foundation in the application of CPM in industrial processes.

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Section: Simulated Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Single Control Loop Performance Monitoring Methods

Pätsi,

Ohenoja,

Kukkasniemi

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

Self Cite

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“…𝑃 𝑥 𝐷 2 𝑥 𝐹 𝑥 𝑆 𝑥 𝐸 (7) where: P -pressure (kPa); S -minimum yield strength (kPa); t -pipe thickness (mm); D -pipe outside diameter (mm); F -design factor; Emagnitude of the longitudinal joint…”

Section: 𝑡 =mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction process using fluid at temperatures and pressures above the critical point is an alternative method to prevent the oxidative process of extraction results. Compared to conventional methods, such as liquid organic solvents, supercritical fluids have properties of a higher value of diffusivity and lower values of density, viscosity, surface tension, and the nature of the supercritical fluid can vary widely by regulating operating conditions (Jha and Sit, 2021;Markom et al, 2012), so that there is better flavor and fragrance obtained (Dias et al, 2021), and also conservation of its biological properties in their extracts (Hämäläinen and Ruusunen, 2022;Tita et al, 2021). Typically, carbon dioxide is a type of solvent used in supercritical fluid extractions due to the fact that the CO2 gas has non-toxic and non-burned properties, is safe for the environment, has abundant material sources, has relatively low prices with high purity, and is suitable for extracting dangerous materials against low heat, low volatility, and polarity (Santo et al, 2021), and is easily separated from the material extracted (Patil et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Manufacture of a Supercritical Co2 Liquid Extraction Machine for Extracting Bioactive Compounds

ARGO,

SYECH,

RIJADI

et al. 2023

INMATEH

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Bioactive compounds in animal and plant cells have many benefits for human health, such as antioxidants, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from other compounds is an important step, and commonly, conventional methods are used, but these methods have disadvantages, like producing unwanted compounds. Alternative methods can be conducted using supercritical fluid extraction, but this equipment is expensive and has a small capacity. So, this study aims to produce functional and structural designs and manufacture supercritical fluid extraction machines using carbon dioxide solvents (CO2) operating with a semi-continuous system. This research succeeded in designing and manufacturing a supercritical fluid extraction machine using carbon dioxide (CO2) solvent that operates in a semi-continuous system for the extraction of bioactive compounds, with main components including cover frames, supercritical extractor chamber, low and high-pressure CO2 tubes, compressors and boosters, pipelines, direct valves, manometers, heating, cooler, and expanders, result from reservoirs and automatic control. Moreover, the preliminary simulation test studies revealed that the supercritical extractor chamber could withstand an absolute pressure of 1000 bar, a temperature of 300°C, and a work capacity of 1 L. It indicated that the supercritical CO2 fluid extractor system was performing well for the conditioning of the extractor chamber, which is generated using a booster and controlled by a one-way valve. Then, the extract is transferred to the separation chamber to separate the CO2 gas. Then, CO2 gas is returned to the low-pressure CO2 tubes for recycling and reuse for the following process.

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