Identification of a Promoter Sequence from the<i>BETL1</i>Gene Cluster Able to Confer Transfer-Cell-Specific Expression in Transgenic Maize

Hueros, Gregorio; Gómez, Elisa; Cheikh, Nordine; Edwards, Jode W.; Weldon, Marcia; Salamini, F.; Thompson, Richard

doi:10.1104/pp.121.4.1143

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…By following this strategy, we predicted one of three different outcomes: the expected defects in the BETL of tetraploid bsl1/bsl1/1/1 endosperms would be similar to those observed in triploid bsl1/bsl1/1 endosperms, be enhanced, or be suppressed. To facilitate this analysis, bsl1/1 plants were initially crossed as females by plants carrying one of two BETL-specific promoter GUS fusions, Pro Meg1 :GUS (Gutierrez- or Pro Bet1 :GUS (Hueros et al 1999a). In wild-type kernels resulting from crosses between bsl1/1 female heterozygotes and Pro Meg1 :GUS-carrying plants, uniform GUS staining was observed in several layers of the BETL ( Figure 6A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transgenic reporter gene analysis: To analyze BETL-specific reporter gene expression in mutant and wild-type seeds, bsl1/1 plants were crossed as females by males carrying one of two BETL transgenic reporters: Pro Bet1 :GUS (Hueros et al 1999a) or Pro Meg1 :GUS (Gutierrez- . Kernels were cut along the longitudinal axis and stained for GUS activity as previously described Gutierrez-Marcos et al 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Gametophytic baseless1 Is Required for Development of the Central Cell and Early Endosperm Patterning in Maize (Zea mays)

2006

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In angiosperms, double fertilization of an egg cell and a central cell with two sperm cells results in the formation of a seed containing a diploid embryo and a triploid endosperm. The extent to which the embryo sac controls postfertilization events in the seed is unknown. The novel gametophytic maternal-effect maize mutation, baseless1 (bsl1) affects central cell development within the embryo sac, frequently by altering the position of the two polar nuclei. Despite this irregularity, fertilization is as efficient as in wild type. The spatial expression of basal endosperm-specific transcripts is altered in free-nuclear and cellular mutant endosperms. At later stages of seed development, bsl1 predominantly affects development of the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL). When bsl1/1 diploid plants were pollinated by wild-type tetraploid plants, the BETL abnormalities observed in bsl1/bsl1/1/1 tetraploid endosperms were diverse and of variable severity. Moreover, the frequency of kernels with severely perturbed BETL development correlated with the percentage of severely affected bsl1 central cells. Therefore, BSL1 is likely required in the central cell before fertilization for correct BETL patterning to occur. These findings provide new genetic evidence that a maternal gametophytic component is necessary for correct endosperm patterning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Gametophytic baseless1 Is Required for Development of the Central Cell and Early Endosperm Patterning in Maize (Zea mays)

2006

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“…For example, Crinkly4 and defective kernel1 contribute to aleurone differentiation during maize endosperm development (Jin et al, 2000). BETL1 (for basal endosperm transfer layer gene), which is detectable at 12 d after pollination (DAP), is a key marker for transfer cell differentiation (Hueros et al, 1995(Hueros et al, , 1999a(Hueros et al, , 1999b. The outer cell layer gene family, which encode putative HD-ZP IV transcription factors (TFs), play a role in protoderm formation and maintenance (Ingram et al, 1999(Ingram et al, , 2000.…”

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The Differential Transcription Network between Embryo and Endosperm in the Early Developing Maize Seed

Chen

Shu

et al. 2013

Plant Physiology

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Transcriptome analysis of early-developing maize (Zea mays) seed was conducted using Illumina sequencing. We mapped 11,074,508 and 11,495,788 paired-end reads from endosperm and embryo, respectively, at 9 d after pollination to define gene structure and alternative splicing events as well as transcriptional regulators of gene expression to quantify transcript abundance in both embryo and endosperm. We identified a large number of novel transcribed regions that did not fall within maize annotated regions, and many of the novel transcribed regions were tissue-specifically expressed. We found that 50.7% (8,556 of 16,878) of multiexonic genes were alternatively spliced, and some transcript isoforms were specifically expressed either in endosperm or in embryo. In addition, a total of 46 trans-splicing events, with nine intrachromosomal events and 37 interchromosomal events, were found in our data set. Many metabolic activities were specifically assigned to endosperm and embryo, such as starch biosynthesis in endosperm and lipid biosynthesis in embryo. Finally, a number of transcription factors and imprinting genes were found to be specifically expressed in embryo or endosperm. This data set will aid in understanding how embryo/endosperm development in maize is differentially regulated.Maize (Zea mays) seeds are one of the most important crop materials that provide resources for food, feed, biofuel, and raw material for processing. Maize seed development initiates from double fertilization, in which two of the pollen sperms fuse with an egg cell and a central cell to produce embryo and endosperm, respectively (Randolph, 1936;Chaudhury et al., 2001). The main function of endosperm is to provide nutrient for the developing embryo and germinating embryo.After fertilization, the zygote undergoes an asymmetric division into a small apical cell and a large basal cell, giving rise to the embryo proper and the suspensor, respectively. The radial symmetry of the proembryo is shifted to a bilateral symmetry at the transition stage, which is characterized by protoderm formation. The shoot apical meristem and the root apical meristem can be distinguished at the onset of the coleoptile stage, and then the position of the future coleoptile is marked by a small protuberance. The mature embryo is composed of the embryo axis, which is formed by the plumule with five or six short internodes, and leaf primordia and primary root surrounded by the coleoptile and the coleorhiza, respectively, and the scutellum (Randolph, 1936;Abbe and Stein, 1954;Diboll, 1968;Lammeren, 1986;Vernoud et al., 2005).Maize endosperm follows the nucleus-type endosperm development, where the fertilized central cell undergoes several rounds of synchronous division in the absence of cell wall formation and cytokinesis to produce a syncytium (Lopes and Larkins, 1993;Olsen, 2004). Cellularization allows the formation of the internuclear radial microtubule systems and open-ended alveolation from the periphery of the endosperm toward the central vacuole (Olsen et al., ...

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“…For the BETL, we crossed stt1/1 females by males carrying Pro BET1TGUS, which should be active throughout the basal domain of the endosperm (Hueros et al 1999). At 34 DAP, the area of GUS staining in the kernels was similar between normal and miniature kernels, but the area was smaller in the miniature kernels at 20 DAP, suggesting that the development of the BETL, like that of the aleurone, is delayed in stt1 kernels (Figure 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the reporter assays, stt1/1 heterozygous plants were crossed as females by males carrying either Pro Bet1TB-glucuronidase (GUS) or Pro VP1TGUS transgenic reporters (Hueros et al 1999;Cao et al 2007). Normal and miniature kernels were cut along the longitudinal axis and either stained for GUS activity as previously described (Costa et al 2003) or stained with 0.1% Evans Blue for 2 min and washed two times with water to When stt1 is crossed as a heterozygous mutant female by a wild-type male ,50% of the progeny are abnormal, demonstrating incomplete penetrance of the maternal effect phenotype.…”

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Analysis of stunter1, a Maize Mutant with Reduced Gametophyte Size and Maternal Effects on Seed Development

Phillips

Mulenga

2011

Genetics

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Many higher eukaryotes have evolved strategies for the maternal control of growth and development of their offspring. In higher plants this is achieved in part by postmeiotic gene activity controlling the development of the haploid female gametophyte. stunter1 (stt1) is a novel, recessive, maternal effect mutant in maize that displays viable, miniature kernels. Maternal inheritance of stt1 results in seeds with reduced but otherwise normal endosperms and embryos. The stt1 mutation displays reduced transmission through the male and female parents and causes significant changes in the sizes of both male and female gametophytes. stt1 pollen grains are smaller than wild type, have reduced germination efficiency, and reduced pollen tube growth. stt1 embryo sacs have smaller central cells and abnormal antipodal cells that are larger, more vacuolated, and fewer in number than wild type. Embryos and endosperms produced by fertilization of stt1 embryo sacs develop and grow more slowly than wild type. The data suggest that the morphology of mutant embryo sacs influences endosperm development, leading to the production of miniature kernels in stt1. Analysis of seeds carrying a mutant maternal allele of stt1 over a deletion of the paternal allele demonstrates that both parental alleles are active after fertilization in both the endosperm and embryo. This analysis also indicates that embryo development until the globular stage in maize can proceed without endosperm development and is likely supported directly by the diploid mother plant.

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Identification of a Promoter Sequence from theBETL1Gene Cluster Able to Confer Transfer-Cell-Specific Expression in Transgenic Maize

Cited by 51 publications

References 37 publications

Maternal Gametophytic baseless1 Is Required for Development of the Central Cell and Early Endosperm Patterning in Maize (Zea mays)

Maternal Gametophytic baseless1 Is Required for Development of the Central Cell and Early Endosperm Patterning in Maize (Zea mays)

The Differential Transcription Network between Embryo and Endosperm in the Early Developing Maize Seed

Analysis of stunter1, a Maize Mutant with Reduced Gametophyte Size and Maternal Effects on Seed Development

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