Identification of a Potential Ejaculation Generator in the Spinal Cord

Truitt, William A.; Coolen, Lique M.

doi:10.1126/science.1073885

Cited by 318 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…An ejaculation generator in the lumbar spinal cord comprises galanin-and cholecystokinin (CCK)-containing neurons, which showed Fos-ir only after ejaculating (Truitt and Coolen, 2002;Truitt et al, 2003). Lesions of these neurons severely impaired ejaculation; therefore, they not only carry ejaculation-specific sensory input to the brain, but also elicit ejaculation (Truitt and Coolen, 2002).…”

Section: Ne Antagonists − (Clark and Smith 1990)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual behavior in male rodents

Hull

Domínguez

2007

Hormones and Behavior

392

272

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The hormonal factors and neural circuitry that control copulation are similar across rodent species, although there are differences in specific behavior patterns. Both estradiol (E) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) contribute to the activation of mating, although E is more important for copulation and DHT for genital reflexes. Hormonal activation of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) is most effective, although implants in the medial amygdala (MeA) can also stimulate mounting in castrates. Chemosensory inputs from the main and accessory olfactory systems are the most important stimuli for mating in rodents, especially in hamsters, although genitosensory input also contributes. Dopamine agonists facilitate sexual behavior, and serotonin (5-HT) is generally inhibitory, though certain 5-HT receptor subtypes facilitate erection or ejaculation. Norepinephrine agonists and opiates have dose-dependent effects, with low doses facilitating and high doses inhibiting behavior.

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Section: Ne Antagonists − (Clark and Smith 1990)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lesions of these neurons severely impaired ejaculation; therefore, they not only carry ejaculation-specific sensory input to the brain, but also elicit ejaculation (Truitt and Coolen, 2002).…”

Section: Ne Antagonists − (Clark and Smith 1990)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior in male rodents

Hull

Domínguez

2007

Hormones and Behavior

392

272

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“…This development seems to coincide with a specific interest to perform clinical and basic research on the mechanisms driving premature ejaculation, for example, a tendency to focus on the sensory input of tactile stimuli (eg sensitivity of the glans penis and evoked potentials of peripheral neurons) in the far East, 91,92 in contrast, a tendency to focus on the motoric output (eg serotonergic brain and spinal cord areas) in Western countries. 4,5,93 It is of relevance to note that, in studies on ointments in the Far East, a 3 min criterion seems in use, in contrast to the 1-2 min inclusion criterion in drug treatments in Western countries.…”

Section: Pharmacological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of methodological design for the interpretation of efficacy of drug treatment of premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2004

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The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate whether the design and methodology of drug-treatment studies of premature ejaculation affect the efficacy outcome differently. Therefore, methodological, design and efficacy data from 79 studies (3034 males), published between 1943 and 2003, are reviewed. A meta-analysis is performed on 43 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clomipramine studies (1514 males), published between 1973 and 2003; these studies were pooled to provide a summary variance-weighted effect size. The antidepressant-induced percentage increase of the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was calculated and examined against various methodological items. A significant difference in efficacy between SSRIs was observed. Using daily treatment, paroxetine appeared more effective than the other SSRIs. Retrospective use of a questionnaire, subjective reports, single-blind and open study designs generate far greater variability of ejaculation time both at baseline and during active drug treatment than real time assessment by stopwatch. In conclusion, at daily treatment, the overall efficacy of paroxetine, clomipramine, sertraline and fluoxetine is comparable, but paroxetine exerts the strongest ejaculation delay. Only eight (18.5%) studies on antidepressant treatment fulfilled all criteria used in evidence-based medicine, for example, randomised, double-blind studies with prospective real time (stopwatch) assessment of the IELT at each intercourse. Single-blind studies, open designs, retrospective reporting, or the use of a questionnaire to assess ejaculation time should be avoided.

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“…Tactile sensations from the penis are relayed to MPOA via the midbrain subparafascicular nucleus (SPF), which also sends projections to Me (Greco et al, 1998;Truitt and Coolen, 2002;Coolen et al, 2003;Truitt et al, 2003). Although chemosensory cues activate Fos in MPOA and Me, a subset of neurons within an interconnected circuit of the MPN, posterior Me, and SPF is activated only following ejaculation (Coolen et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemosensory cues from the olfactory mucosa and vomeronasal organs are essential for male hamster sexual behavior (Murphy and Schneider, 1970), and previous studies have established that chemosensory stimuli elicit DA release in various brain regions in male rodents (Pfaus et al, 1990;Damsma et al, 1992;Hull et al, 1995;Schulz et al, 2003). However, MPOA also receives other sensory stimuli during mating, including ascending somatosensory input from the penis (Greco et al, 1998;Truitt and Coolen, 2002;Coolen et al, 2003;Truitt et al, 2003). While previous studies have shown that chemosensory cues alone are sufficient for DA release in MPOA, whether chemosensory stimuli are essential for MPOA DA release during mating has not yet been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory Cues are Essential for Mating-Induced Dopamine Release in MPOA of Male Syrian Hamsters

Triemstra

Nagatani

Wood

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is crucial for male sex behavior. Dopamine (DA) is released in MPOA during copulation, and contributes to the reinforcing effects of mating. The aim of the present study was to identify sensory stimuli responsible for matinginduced DA release. Specifically, we determined if chemosensory cues are essential for mating-induced MPOA DA release using in vivo microdialysis in male Syrian hamsters. Hamsters were used because chemosensory cues from the olfactory mucosa and vomeronasal organ are essential for sexual behavior in this species. Sexually experienced adult male hamsters were implanted with a microdialysis guide cannula over MPOA. At the same time, males received sham olfactory bulbectomy (Sham Bx, n ¼ 11), bilateral bulbectomy (Bibx, n ¼ 6), or unilateral bulbectomy (Ubx) ipsilateral (Ipsi Ubx, n ¼ 9) or contralateral (Contra Ubx, n ¼ 8) to the microdialysis probe. This model takes advantage of the predominantly ipsilateral projections of the olfactory bulbs. Microdialysis samples were collected from the MPOA during baseline, exposure to a receptive female, and after removal of female. Extracellular DA was measured using highperformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. During mating, DA increased in MPOA of Sham Bx males (to 146.7717.5% of baseline). Bibx males did not mate, and MPOA DA did not increase (96.1715.8% of baseline). Although both groups of Ubx males mated to ejaculation, MPOA DA increased significantly only in Contra Ubx males (to 161.8735.3% of baseline), and not in males with Ipsi Ubx (107.6711.5% of baseline). The results demonstrate that chemosensory cues are essential for MPOA DA release during mating in male Syrian hamsters.

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Identification of a Potential Ejaculation Generator in the Spinal Cord

Cited by 318 publications

References 10 publications

Sexual behavior in male rodents

Sexual behavior in male rodents

Relevance of methodological design for the interpretation of efficacy of drug treatment of premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chemosensory Cues are Essential for Mating-Induced Dopamine Release in MPOA of Male Syrian Hamsters

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