Identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus

Zhou, Haisheng; Zhang, Meihong; Xue, Tian; Shao, Hongbo; Qian, Kun; Ye, Jianqiang; Qin, Aijian

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.038

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It has been reported that the side effects of the 4/91 vaccine might provide the basis for recombination with other strains. This phenomenon has been shown by several studies which have traced the emergence of many novel IBV strains to recombination events between the 4/91 vaccine and field strains (Feng et al, 2018;Han et al, 2017;Jiang et al, 2017Jiang et al, , 2018Liu et al, 2013;Mo et al, 2013;Ovchinnikova et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2015Zhang et al, , 2016Zhou et al, 2017) in cases where the 4/91 vaccine strain could not provide effective protection against the field strains , leading to coinfection of the vaccine and field strains in the same chickens and ultimately resulting in recombination. In this study, we performed complete genome sequence analysis of strains I0718/17, I0722/17, I0724/17, and I0737/17 and confirmed the occurrence of recombination events at the 5′ ends of the S1 gene between a 4/91-like virus (GI-13 lineage) and a YX10-like virus (GI-19) (Xu et al, 2018), which contributed to the emergence of the IBV strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China

Ren

Sheng

et al. 2019

Virus Research

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A B S T R A C TInfectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) of GI-13 (793/B) and GI-19 (QX/LX4) lineages have been frequently detected in China in recent years. Naturally recombinant IBVs originating from the GI-13 and GI-19 lineages have also been isolated from chicken flocks with respiratory and renal problems in China. Thorough genetic and biological investigations of these recombinant viruses have led to speculation regarding their origin, evolution, and control. In order to confirm the previous results and further extend our understanding about the characteristics of the four recombinant IBV strains we had previously identified (I0718/17, I0722/17, I0724/17, and I0737/17), we conducted phylogenetic analysis by comparing their complete S1 gene sequences with those of 71 reference strains of different genotypes and lineages. We identified a close relationship between the S1 sequences of the four strains and those of GI-13 strains. The results of complete genome sequence analysis confirmed the previously identified recombination events in the four IBV strains and revealed additional recombination events in different genomic regions of strains I0718/17 and I0724/17, suggesting that the two strains originated from multiple recombination events between 4/91-like and YX10-like viruses. We comparatively evaluated the antigenicity, pathogenicity, and affinity of the four recombinant viruses and their deduced parental strains in the trachea and kidneys. Some of the strains showed comparable antigenic relatedness, pathogenicity, and affinity for the trachea and kidneys among each other and with their parental viruses; however, some of them showed varying biological characteristics. Point mutations observed in the receptor-binding domain and hypervariable region of the S1 subunit of the spike protein likely have an effect on these differences in biological characteristics, although the influence of other factors-such as host innate-immune responses and changes in genomic regions beyond the S1 protein-might also be responsible for such changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China

Ren

Sheng

et al. 2019

Virus Research

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“…Although IBV (and other coronaviruses) has a 3′ to 5′ exoribonuclease (exon) domain in Nsp 14 that is involved in proofreading and repair (132), the average rate of synonymous mutation is still high at approximately 1.2 × 10 -3 substitutions/ site/year (87,89). Recombination has been reported in many coronaviruses including IBV (88,167,186). Since the replicase gene was shown to be a determinant of pathogenicity (8), recombination in the 1a/1ab genes associated with the RDRP can affect pathogenicity.…”

Section: Strains Of Ibv and Viral Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Bronchitis

Jackwood¹,

Wit²

2019

Diseases of Poultry

105

146

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Agent, Infection, and Disease.Infectious bronchitis is caused by the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is found worldwide. Infections, depending on the strain, may cause an acute upper-respiratory tract disease, drops in egg production, decreased egg quality, and nephritis. The virus is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with contaminated objects and morbidity is usually 100%; whereas, mortality can vary depending on a variety of host factors and the strain of the infecting virus. Chickens are the primary host but the virus has also been found in pheasants and peafowl. There exist many different antigenic types of the virus and due to a high rate of mutation, new antigenic variants constantly emerge. As a general rule, different antigenic types and variants have little to no cross-protection.Diagnosis. The preferred diagnostic test is molecular detection of the viral spike (S1) gene or virus isolation in embryonating chicken eggs. Multiple antigenic types of the virus are identified by sequence analysis of the S1 gene or by the virus neutralization test using serotypespecific antibodies. The disease can also be diagnosed by demonstrating rising antibody titers against IBV between preclinical and convalescent sera.Intervention. Attenuated live and killed vaccines are used in an attempt to control the disease. However, multiple different antigenic types and constantly emerging new types that do not cross-protect make it difficult to prevent transmission and disease.

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“…In China, several epidemiological IB surveys have already been conducted and have shown that a variety of IBV genotypes and variants Mo et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2015;Leghari et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017) are circulating and cocirculating. This shows that the Chinese IBV situation is complex and variable, and causes serious economic losses in the Chinese poultry industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in China in recent years

Han

Jiang

et al. 2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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In this study, 213 infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) were isolated from samples collected from 801 flocks suspected to be infected with IBV from January 2016 to December 2017 in China. By using complete nucleotide sequences of S1 gene we determined the phylogeny of these IBV isolates, which in turn allowed us to define six lineages/genotypes, a number of recombinants and a novel variant. The GI-19 lineage was the most frequently isolated type in China in recent years. Although scattered mutations in the S1 gene among the GI-19 lineage viruses were observed, we also noted different sublineages in the GI-19 lineage with unique mutations, suggesting a high degree of S1 gene variation since they were first isolated in the mid-1990s. We also isolated a number of vaccine-like viruses from vaccinated diseased chickens, although more work is needed to differentiate the reisolation of vaccine strains from field strains of the same serotype. One of the important findings in this study is that the prevalence of the TW I type viruses in GI-7 lineage has been increasing in recent years in China. Another important finding is that recombination events occurred between the predominant GI-19 lineage and the commonly used 4/91 vaccine, which gave rise to distinct IBV isolates. In addition, a novel IBV isolate, together with a reference strain in GenBank database, were found to form a novel lineage/genotype that was remarkably distinct from established lineages. The characteristics of the antigenicity, tissue tropism, pathogenicity and complete genome were required for further investigation for the recombinants and the viruses in different sublineages and novel lineages. Meanwhile, permanent monitoring of circulating strains was needed to monitor the emerging viruses and rationally modify vaccination strategies in the field situation.

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Identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China

Genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China

Infectious Bronchitis

Genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in China in recent years

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