“…Through gene cloning, it was found that the mutant mediated resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and cefazolin in β-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli . However, this gene did not exhibit high resistance in wild isolates, aligning with a previous study on tetX by Li et al (2022 ) , and the reported bla RAD-1 in R. anatipestifer ( Li et al, 2023 ). These observations suggest that while R. anatipestifer hosts to these resistance genes, they may manifest higher antibiotic resistance potential in other bacteria.…”