Identification of a novel Assemblage B subgenotype and a zoonotic Assemblage C in human isolates of Giardia intestinalis in Egypt

Soliman, Rabie; Fuentes, Isabel; Rubio, José Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2011.09.006

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As for Giardia, also, zoonotic Cryptosporidium species are well documented in humans, including C. parvum (Cama et al 2003;Lucio-Forster et al 2010;Morgan et al 2000;Pedraza-Díaz et al 2001;Pieniazek et al 1999;Xiao et al 2001). These results suggest that the risk of transmission to humans for both protozoa is less significant than previously thought, but, on the other hand, these infections are often underestimated and the isolation of dog-specific genotypes from human faeces is not uncommon (Bowman and LucioForster 2010;Soliman et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Copromicroscopic and molecular investigations on intestinal parasites in kenneled dogs

et al. 2015

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Intestinal parasites are common in dogs worldwide, and their importance has recently increased for a renewed awareness on the public health relevance that some of them have. In this study, the prevalence of helminths and protozoa was evaluated by microscopy in 318 canine faecal samples collected from eight rescue shelters in the North-eastern Italy; 285 of them were also submitted to the molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. isolates. An analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence rates in relation to canine individual data, shelter provenance and anthelmintic treatments. Overall, 52.5% (167/318) of faecal samples were positive for at least one parasite. Trichuris vulpis showed the highest overall prevalence rate (29.2%), followed by G. duodenalis (15.1%), Toxocara canis (9.7%), ancylostomatids (8.2%) and Cystoisospora (5.7%). The prevalence of G. duodenalis, evaluated by real-time PCR, was 57.9% (165/285), and 79 isolates were characterized by nested PCR on the β-giardin gene. The assemblages found were mainly the host-specific genotypes C and D, while only one assemblage was identified as the human-specific genotype B1. Isolates of Cryptosporidium spp., recorded in 3/285 (1.1%) stool samples, were Cryptosporidium parvum based on the characterization of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. Although the results describe a relatively limited risk of dog-originating zoonoses, there is the need to improve the quality of shelter practices towards better health managements for safe pet-adoption campaigns and a minimization of the environmental faecal pollution with canine intestinal parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Copromicroscopic and molecular investigations on intestinal parasites in kenneled dogs

et al. 2015

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“…; Soliman et al. ), suggesting that humans can be infected with assemblages E and C through an anthropozoonotic cycle. Thus, the use of a multilocus sequence typing approach is recommended in future studies to reevaluate the actual host range of assemblages and to detect potentially zoonotic subgenotypes of G. duodenalis in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Molecular Characterization, and Assessment of Zoonotic Risk of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Pigs in Henan, Central China

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common gastrointestinal pathogens in humans and animals. Little is known about them and the range of species/assemblages/genotypes occurring in domestic pigs in China. Here, we present data on the occurrence and molecular diversity of these pathogens detected in the feces from farms in Henan, central China. Of 897 fecal samples tested, 28 (3.1%), 15 (1.7%), and 408 (45.5%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium, G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi, respectively. Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis were most frequently detected in piglets, while E. bieneusi was markedly more prevalent in fattening pigs. Sequence analysis of SSU rRNA gene revealed that positive Cryptosporidium strains belonged to C. suis (n = 18) and C. scrofarum (n = 10). Giardia duodenalis assemblages E (n = 9), assemblages A (n = 3), and assemblages C (n = 3) were characterized based on the sequence analysis of tpi gene. Thirteen E. bieneusi genotypes comprising four novel (pigHN-I to pigHN-IV) and nine known (EbpC, EbpA, pigEbITS5, LW1, H, CM8, G, CHG19, and CHS5) genotypes were identified by ITS sequence analysis of a large proportion (n = 200) of E. bieneusi-positive samples. EbpC was the most frequent genotype, detected in 60 specimens. All 13 genotypes identified in this study clustered in zoonotic Group 1. The findings indicate that the presence of zoonotic species/assemblages/genotypes of these pathogens poses a threat to public health, suggesting that pigs in Henan province could be a significant source of human infection and water pollution.

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“…Although many studies have reported that Giardia is not associated with severe diarrhoea [8], one study reported that the prevalence of G. duodenalis Assemblage A was higher among children with vomiting and abdominal pain [22]. Assemblage C was detected in an adult immunocompromised male suffering from bladder cancer and diarrhoea in Egypt [121] and Assemblage F was reported in six diarrhoeal and one asymptomatic individual in Ethiopia [164]. In that study, four of the identified Assemblage F isolates were mixed infections with Assemblage A. Assemblage E has been reported in humans in three separate studies in Egypt with a prevalence of up to 62.5% in one study population [80, 168, 169].…”

Section: Cryptosporidium and Giardia Species Reported In Humans In Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

2017

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important causes of diarrhoeal illness. Adequate knowledge of the molecular diversity and geographical distribution of these parasites and the environmental and climatic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of these parasites in Africa. Cryptosporidium is associated with moderate to severe diarrhoea and increased mortality in African countries and both parasites negatively affect child growth and development. Malnutrition and HIV status are also important contributors to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in African countries. Molecular typing of both parasites in humans, domestic animals and wildlife to date indicates a complex picture of both anthroponotic, zoonotic and spill-back transmission cycles that requires further investigation. For Cryptosporidium, the only available drug (nitazoxanide) is ineffective in HIV and malnourished individuals and therefore more effective drugs are a high priority. Several classes of drugs with good efficacy exist for Giardia, but dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance threatens clinical utility. Climate change and population growth are also predicted to increase both malnutrition and the prevalence of these parasites in water sources. Dedicated and co-ordinated commitments from African governments involving “One Health” initiatives with multidisciplinary teams of veterinarians, medical workers, relevant government authorities, and public health specialists working together are essential to control and prevent the burden of disease caused by these parasites.

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Identification of a novel Assemblage B subgenotype and a zoonotic Assemblage C in human isolates of Giardia intestinalis in Egypt

Cited by 70 publications

References 37 publications

Copromicroscopic and molecular investigations on intestinal parasites in kenneled dogs

Copromicroscopic and molecular investigations on intestinal parasites in kenneled dogs

Occurrence, Molecular Characterization, and Assessment of Zoonotic Risk of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Pigs in Henan, Central China

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges

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