“…CE has found extensive applications in investigating the chemical structures and isoforms in various types of proteins, − with a notable focus on Hb due to its crucial role in biological processes. Numerous CE-related studies have systematically explored the correlations between Hb’s variants, chemical modifications, and various pathological conditions, aiming to establish their significance as potential biomarkers. − To determine a suitable method for detecting various Hb variants, a comparison was conducted among CE, cation-exchange HPLC, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) techniques using 1083 blood samples from southern China. The results showed that only the CE method was able to detect the 10 most prevalent Hb variants, making it the optimal instrument for this purpose …”