Identification of a New Locus, <i>Ptr(t)</i>, Required for Rice Blast Resistance Gene <i>Pi-ta</i>–Mediated Resistance

Jia, Yulin; Martin, R.C.

doi:10.1094/mpmi-21-4-0396

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Blue, red, and green color indicates the Piz-t alleles of southern, eastern, and northern regions, respectively. resistance phenotype (Jia & Martin 2008, Lee et al 2009). Transitions were more frequent than the transversions in all the Piz-t orthologs, comparable to earlier studies of plant genomes (IRGSP 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive selection pressure on rice blast resistance allelePiz-tmakes it divergent in Indian land races

Thakur¹,

Singh²,

Rathour³

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Allelic variants of the broad-spectrum blast resistance gene, Piz-t, have been analyzed in 48 rice lines selected after phenotyping across three blast hot-spot regions of India. Single Nucleotide Polymorhisms in the form of transitions were more frequent than the transversions in the alleles. On the basis of nucleotide polymorphism, 46 haplotypes have been identified, with major haplotypes forming three main haplogroups. The Piz-t alleles formed mostly region-specific clusters. Resistant and susceptible Piz-t alleles were grouped into separate sub-clusters. The value of Tajima's D was negative indicating positive selection on Piz-t locus. Sequence variations were more abundant in the leucine rich repeats (LRR) region than in the NB-ARC (nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by APAF-1,R proteins, and CED-4) region, indicating that the LRR region has played a more important role in the evolution of this allele. The detailed molecular analysis of the Piz-t locus provide insights to high degree of interand intra-specific relationship among the Indian land races of rice which will help in the selection of better alleles for future rice breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive selection pressure on rice blast resistance allelePiz-tmakes it divergent in Indian land races

Thakur¹,

Singh²,

Rathour³

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…Similarly, two NBS-LRR proteins within 50 kb, Pi5-1 and Pi5-2, were required for complete resistance (Lee et al 2009). At the Pi-ta locus, another gene Ptr(t) was found to be essential for Pi-tamediated resistance ( Jia and Martin 2008). The possible artificial selection of the large Pi-ta genomic region has been reported for maintaining the broad spectrum of Pi-ta-mediated blast resistance ( Jia 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pi-ta has been effectively deployed in the United States and around the globe for controlling blast disease Jia et al 2000;Jia 2003;Jia et al 2004a,b;Huang et al 2008;Jia and Martin 2008;Wang et al 2008;Jia et al 2009a). Pi-ta encodes a predicted cytoplasmic protein with a centrally located NBS and a highly interrupted LRR domain (referred to as the LRD) at the carboxyl terminus that recognizes the corresponding avirulence gene AVR-Pita, triggering race-specific resistance.…”

Section: P Lant Resistance (R) Genes Have Evolved To Fightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the broad spectrum of the Pi-ta resistance in the United States may include the effects of other loci in the Pi-ta region, inherited as a ''superlocus.'' Toward this end, Ptr(t), a nuclear gene that is required for the Pi-ta-mediated resistance, was also mapped at the Pi-ta region (Jia and Martin 2008). Further determination of DNA sequences around the Pi-ta gene should help to determine the minimal genomic region that is essential for Pi-ta-mediated resistance.…”

Section: P Lant Resistance (R) Genes Have Evolved To Fightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary Dynamics of the Genomic Region Around the Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta in AA Genome Oryza Species

et al. 2009

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The race-specific resistance gene Pi-ta has been effectively used to control blast disease, one of the most destructive plant diseases worldwide. A single amino acid change at the 918 position of the Pi-ta protein was known to determine resistance specificity. To understand the evolutionary dynamics present, we examined sequences of the Pi-ta locus and its flanking regions in 159 accessions composed of seven AA genome Oryza species: O. sativa, O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. meridionalis, O. glaberrima, O. barthii, and O. glumaepatula. A 3364-bp fragment encoding a predicted transposon was found in the proximity of the Pi-ta promoter region associated with the resistance phenotype. Haplotype network analysis with 33 newly identified Pi-ta haplotypes and 18 newly identified Pi-ta protein variants demonstrated the evolutionary relationships of Pi-ta haplotypes between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. In O. rufipogon, the recent directional selection was found in the Pi-ta region, while significant deviation from neutral evolution was not found in all O. sativa groups. Results of sequence variation in flanking regions around Pi-ta in O. sativa suggest that the size of the resistant Pi-ta introgressed block was at least 5.4 Mb in all elite resistant cultivars but not in the cultivars without Pi-ta. These findings demonstrate that the Pi-ta region with transposon and additional plant modifiers has evolved under an extensive selection pressure during crop breeding.

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“…Early reports indicated that the Pi-ta gene was introgressed into elite cultivars from landrace indica cultivars (e.g. Tetep and Taducan) for the control of infection by races of M. oryzae that contain AVR-Pita (Jia and Martin, 2008;Kiyosawa, 1967;Moldenhauer et al, 1990). Pi-ta locus has been effectively utilized to prevent blast disease for the past 40 years and is still effectively used in more rice cultivation areas (Kiyosawa 1967, Jia et al, 2004, Barman et al, 2004, Jia and Valent 2007.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice grain quality as affected by blast-causing agent (Pyricularia oryzae) along with a molecular analysis of blast resistance at Pi5 and Pi-ta loci

Ahmadikhah¹,

Khosravi²

2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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Blast disease is the most devastating disease of rice worldwide, which reduces both quantity and quality of rice production. To assess the effect of fungal agent of blast, Pyricularia oryzae, on some aspects of grain quality of rice, 31 rice cultivars (including 20 local landraces) were evaluated at seedling and post-harvest stages. The cultivars were grown in three replicates in a field surrounded by blast spreader cultivars and at appropriate times blast infection type, grain infection, 100-grain weight and grain quality traits (percentage of broken rice and number of chalky seeds per panicle) were evaluated. For tracking alleles of two major blast resistance genes (including Pi5 and Pi-ta) the respective primer pairs were applied in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA of the studied cultivars. Evaluation of blast infection type at seedling stage showed that four cultivars were completely resistant, 4 cultivars moderately resistant and 23 cultivars mainly consisted of local landraces were susceptible. Fungal treatment had significant effects on percentages of grain infection and broken rice and not on number of chalky seeds or 100-grain weight. Rice genotypes had significant differences in grain infection and also in 100-grain weight and in two quality traits including percentage of broken rice and number of chalky seeds. Most local landraces showed highest grain infection (14.4-17.6%) compared to improved modern varieties with lowest grain infection (1.3-2.7%). Results also showed that genotype by fungal treatment interaction were only significant for grain infection and broken rice. All susceptible cultivars had higher broken rice relative to resistant cultivars (10.5-13.3% vs. 2.1-4.6%) after blast infection. Molecular survey showed that most susceptible local landraces carry Pi5 dominant allele, while high-yielding modern cultivars don't carry the allele, indicating that Pi5 does not play a significant role in blast resistance at this time. Furthermore, molecular survey showed that only three cultivars including a local cultivar (Tetep) and two modern ones (IR56, IR24) harbored Pi-ta allele, and Pi-ta explained a high part of variation of blast resistance (R 2 =53.7%). These results indicate the importance of Pi-ta gene for improving rice blast-resistance and grain quality at blast infection conditions.

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Identification of a New Locus, Ptr(t), Required for Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta–Mediated Resistance

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

Positive selection pressure on rice blast resistance allelePiz-tmakes it divergent in Indian land races

Positive selection pressure on rice blast resistance allelePiz-tmakes it divergent in Indian land races

Evolutionary Dynamics of the Genomic Region Around the Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta in AA Genome Oryza Species

Rice grain quality as affected by blast-causing agent (Pyricularia oryzae) along with a molecular analysis of blast resistance at Pi5 and Pi-ta loci

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