Identification of a juvenile hormone esterase-like gene in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. — Expression analysis and functional assays

Mackert, Aline; Nascimento, A. M. do; Bitondi, Márcia Maria Gentile; Hartfelder, Klaus; Simões, Zilá Luz Paulino

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.01.004

Cited by 102 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…To evaluate whether the hormone treatment was effective, jhe-like mRNA levels were tested in the samples used in this work. Transcript levels of jhe-like have previously been shown to be upregulated in JH III treated samples (Mackert et al, 2008).…”

Section: Biological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in the honey bee,Apis mellifera, by quantitative real-time RT-PCR

et al. 2008

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-For obtaining accurate and reliable gene expression results it is essential that quantitative realtime RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data are normalized with appropriate reference genes. The current exponential increase in postgenomic studies on the honey bee, Apis mellifera, makes the standardization of qRT-PCR results an important task for ongoing community efforts. For this aim we selected four candidate reference genes (actin, ribosomal protein 49, elongation factor 1-alpha, tbp-association factor) and used three software-based approaches (geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder) to evaluate the suitability of these genes as endogenous controls. Their expression was examined during honey bee development, in different tissues, and after juvenile hormone exposure. Furthermore, the importance of choosing an appropriate reference gene was investigated for two developmentally regulated target genes. The results led us to consider all four candidate genes as suitable genes for normalization in A. mellifera. However, each condition evaluated in this study revealed a specific set of genes as the most appropriated ones.quantitative real-time RT-PCR / reference genes / Apis mellifera / gene expression normalization

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Section: Biological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We investigated the effects of reference gene choice on two genes, jhe-like (Mackert et al, 2008) and proPO (Lourenço et al, 2005) (Tab. I), both of which are modulated in their expression during honey bee development.…”

Section: Effect Of Reference Gene Choice On Target Gene Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in the honey bee,Apis mellifera, by quantitative real-time RT-PCR

et al. 2008

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“…Of the CCEs in this cluster, the pheromone-degrading esterases of the lepidopteran A. polyphemus 23) and the coleopteran Popillia japonica have been identified previously. 28) JHE of A. mellifera 29) is also included in this cluster, although its enzymatic activity is yet to be shown. This phylogeny suggests that the hymenopteran JHE may have evolved independently of JHEs from other insect orders.…”

Section: (L) Non-lepidopteran Jhesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of insect carboxyl/cholinesterase genes

Tsubota

Shiotsuki

2010

J. Pestic. Sci.

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The carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) superfamily is composed of functionally diverse proteins that hydrolyze carboxylic esters. CCEs are responsible not only for physiological regulation of particular endogenous compounds, such as hormones, pheromones, and acetylcholine, but also for the detoxification of exogenous compounds, such as those in the diet and in the environment. In some instances, CCEs are associated with insecticide resistance, 1) and the gene identification of CCEs is significant not only for elucidation of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance but also for the development of novel insecticidal compounds pesticides. Recent completion of genome projects and the availability of expressed sequence tag (EST) clones has enabled the identification of multiple CCEs in each insect species. 2-4) Here we describe the genomic and phylogenetic analyses of 425 insect CCEs found in eight insect species whose genomes have been completely sequenced, and discuss the implications of the constructed phylogenetic tree. Construction of the Phylogenetic TreeClustalW software was used to perform multiple sequence alignment prior to phylogenetic analysis. MEGA 4.0 5) was used to construct the phylogenetic tree using the neighborjoining method with the JTT matrix. To evaluate branch strength in the phylogenetic tree, bootstrap analysis of 500 replicates was performed. The amino acid sequences of genes used for phylogenetic analysis were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnological Information site (http:// www.ncbi.nih.gov/). The accession number of each gene is listed in Supplemental Table S1. Potential signal peptides were predicted by the SignalP 3.0 program (http://www.cbs. dtu.dk/services/SignalP). Phylogenetic Analysis of Insect CCEsThe database search revealed 425 insect CCEs, including those from insects whose genomes have been completely sequenced, namely the dipterans Drosophila melanogaster, 1) Anopheles gambiae, 6) and Aedes aegypti; 7) the hymenopterans Apis mellifera 8) and Nasonia vitripennis; 9) lepidopteran Bombyx mori; 10,11) and the coleopteran Tribolium castaneum; 9) hemipteran Acyrthosiphon pisum. 12) The identified insect CCEs also included those of the lepidopterans Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera littoralis, in which EST clone analysis has been conducted, 13,14) and several other CCEs. Using these CCE amino acid sequences, a phylogenetic tree The complete genome sequence data of insects in five orders are now available. In this commentary we provide recent genomic and phylogenetic analyses of insect carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs). Multiple CCEs are found in each insect species, and at present the silkworm Bombyx mori has the largest number and diversity of CCEs. Phylogenetic analyses of the 425 CCE sequences identified species or order specific clustering, but for some CCEs 1:1 orthologous relationships were apparent. Phylogenetic analyses will be useful for further functional analysis of CCEs and the development of species-specific insecticides and/or synergists.

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“…Before the behavioural experiments, we determined whether the parasitic and immune challenges actually induced a precocious development of forager physiology by measuring the expression of vitellogenin and some components of the juvenile hormone (JH) pathway; both vitellogenin and JH are involved in the regulation of bee behavioural development (Sullivan et al, 2000;Nelson et al, 2007). For the JH pathway, we quantified the gene expression levels of JH esterase (JHE), involved in JH degradation (Mackert et al, 2008;Mackert et al, 2010). The expression of JH epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), which has a negligible role in JH degradation (Mackert et al, 2010), was also assessed as its function might be related to dietary lipid catabolism (Mackert et al, 2010), a major component of bee behavioural development (Toth and Robinson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic and immune-modulation of flight activity in honey bees tracked with optical counters

Alaux¹,

Crauser²,

Pioz³

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Host-parasite interactions are often characterized by changes in the host behaviour, which are beneficial to either the parasite or the host, or are a non-adaptive byproduct of parasitism. These interactions are further complicated in animal society because individual fitness is associated with group performance. However, a better understanding of host-parasite interaction in animal society first requires the identification of individual host behavioural modification. Therefore, we challenged honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers with the parasite Nosema ceranae or an immune stimulation and tracked their flight activity over their lifetime with an optic counter. We found that bees responded differently to each stress: both Nosema-infected and immune-challenged bees performed a lower number of daily flights compared with control bees, but the duration of their flights increased and decreased over time, respectively. Overall, parasitized bees spent more time in the field each day than control bees, and the inverse was true for immune-challenged bees. Despite the stress of immune challenge, bees had a survival similar to that of control bees likely because of their restricted activity. We discuss how those different behavioural modifications could be adaptive phenotypes. This study provides new insights into how biological stress can affect the behaviour of individuals living in society and how host responses have evolved.

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Identification of a juvenile hormone esterase-like gene in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. — Expression analysis and functional assays

Cited by 102 publications

References 49 publications

Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in the honey bee,Apis mellifera, by quantitative real-time RT-PCR

Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in the honey bee,Apis mellifera, by quantitative real-time RT-PCR

Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of insect carboxyl/cholinesterase genes

Parasitic and immune-modulation of flight activity in honey bees tracked with optical counters

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