Identification of a human glial fibrillary acidic protein cDNA: A tool for the molecular analysis of reactive gliosis in the mammalian central nervous system

Rataboul, Pierre; Biguet, Nicole Faucon; Vernier, Philippe; Vitry, F. De; Boularand, Sylviane; Privat, Alain; Mallet, Jacques

doi:10.1002/jnr.490200204

Cited by 63 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Geisler and Weber (8) have sequenced =50o of the porcine GFAP (pGFAP) protein, and partial cDNA and genomic molecular clones of murine GFAP (mGFAP) have been evaluated (9,10). Also, partial DNA sequence data have been reported for hGFAP, corresponding to regions coding for the rod domain (11,12). As anticipated, our data document considerable homology between GFAPs from different species.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Molecular cloning and primary structure of human glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Reeves

Helman

Allison

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

118

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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate-filament (IF) protein that is highly specific for cells of astroglial lineage, although its tissue-specific role is speculative. Determination of the primary structure of this protein should be of importance for understanding the functional role it plays in astroglia. Therefore, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding this protein and determined its nucleotide sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates that GFAP shares structural similarities-particularl in the central rod domain and to a lesser degree in the carboxyl-terminal domain-with other IF proteins found in nonepithelial cell types. Considerable sequence divergence in the amino-terminal region of GFAP suggests that the tissue-specific functions ofthis IF protein might be mediated through this region of the molecule. In contrast, conservation of structural characteristics and a moderate degree of sequence conservation in the carboxyl-terminal region suggest functional similarities. Blot hybridization analysis using the GFAP cDNA as a probe failed to detect GFAP mRNA in both normal and neoplastic human tissues in which IF proteins other than GFAP are known to be expressed.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

Molecular cloning and primary structure of human glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Reeves

Helman

Allison

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It has been suggested that expression of the proenkephalin gene may be an early marker for gliosis (Melner et al, 1990;Rataboul et al, 1988). Because the present studies demonstrate the involvement of an injury-inducible cytokine in regulation of opioid genes, this in vitro system could prove useful in the design and evaluation of pharmacological agents aimed at modulating such cellular behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Interleukin‐1β regulates proenkephalin gene expression in astrocytes cultured from rat cortex

Negro

Tavella

Facci

et al. 1992

Glia

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Glial cells execute essential functions in central nervous system (CNS) development and are also believed to play important roles during gliosis in response to trauma or disease. These developmental and pathological states have also been associated with elevated expression of opioid genes. Because levels of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) increase following CNS lesions, we examined the possible influence of IL-1 beta on the expression of opioid genes in astrocytes cultured from rat cortex. Proenkephalin mRNA expression was stimulated by IL-1 beta in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, being maximal with 5 U/ml IL-1 beta at 4 h. Although the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was also active, interferon, glutamate, and carbachol were not. Unlike isoproterenol, the actions of IL-1 beta were not associated with a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent pathway. Interleukin-1 beta also regulated a proenkephalin-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion gene transiently transfected into astrocytes, with a dose-response similar to that active in proenkephalin mRNA. These effects of IL-1 beta were region-specific, not being observed with either cerebellar or hippocampal astrocytes; however, isoproterenol was active in the latter cell populations. Proenkephalin mRNA in cortical astrocytes was stimulated following a temperature stress. These results suggest that enhanced proenkephalin gene expression in astrocytes by IL-1 beta may be important in neuroimmune interactions and in trauma-induced CNS injury or stress.

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“…The glial scar has traditionally been regarded as inhibitory to axon regeneration. GFAP expression was regarded as a sensitive and reliable marker labeling reactive astrocytes responding to CNS injuries [35,36]. Other molecular markers that have been used for the immunohistochemical identification of astrocytes and reactive astrocytes include glutamine synthetase and S100β [37,38], but these molecules are not exclusive to astrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular cloning of glial fibrillary acidic protein in Gekko japonicus and its expression changes after spinal cord transection

Gao

Wang

Liu

et al. 2010

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an astrocyte-specific member of the class III intermediate filament proteins. It is generally used as a specific marker of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). We isolated a GFAP cDNA from the brain and spinal cord cDNA library of Gekko japonicus, and prepared polyclonal antibodies against gecko GFAP to provide useful tools for further immunochemistry studies. Both the real-time quantitative PCR and western blot results revealed that the expression of GFAP in the spinal cord after transection increased, reaching its maximum level after 3 days, and then gradually decreased over the rest of the 2 weeks of the experiment. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the increase in GFAP-positive labeling was restricted to the white matter rather than the gray matter. In particular, a slight increase in the number of GFAP positive star-shaped astrocytes was detected in the ventral and lateral regions of the white matter. Our results indicate that reactive astrogliosis in the gecko spinal cord took place primarily in the white matter during a short time interval, suggesting that the specific astrogliosis evaluated by GFAP expression might be advantageous in spinal cord regeneration.

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Identification of a human glial fibrillary acidic protein cDNA: A tool for the molecular analysis of reactive gliosis in the mammalian central nervous system

Cited by 63 publications

References 44 publications

Molecular cloning and primary structure of human glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Molecular cloning and primary structure of human glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Interleukin‐1β regulates proenkephalin gene expression in astrocytes cultured from rat cortex

The molecular cloning of glial fibrillary acidic protein in Gekko japonicus and its expression changes after spinal cord transection

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