Identification of a high-molecular-mass Lactobacillus epithelium adhesin (LEA) of Lactobacillus crispatus ST1 that binds to stratified squamous epithelium

Edelman, Sanna; Lehti, Timo A.; Kainulainen, Veera; Antikainen, Jenni; Kylväjä, Riikka; Baumann, Marc; Westerlund-Wikström, Benita; Korhonen, Timo

doi:10.1099/mic.0.057216-0

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Moonlighting proteins remain cell-bound by ionic interactions and are highly adhesive at low pH, whereas at neutral or basic pH they are detached from the cell surface into the medium, where they may inhibit bacterial adhesion or have other interactions with human cells or tissues. Also, in the case of L. crispatus ST1 described here, the bacterium has other adhesins that are surface-bound by the sortase mechanism [147] and function well at neutral pH [148,149]. The detachment of moonlighting proteins from L. crispatus cells is enhanced by low concentrations of epithelium-derived cationic peptides such as LL-37, which suggests that the anchoring/detachment phenomenon may take place in vivo .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dancing to Another Tune—Adhesive Moonlighting Proteins in Bacteria

Kainulainen

Korhonen

2014

Biology

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125

136

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Biological moonlighting refers to proteins which express more than one function. Moonlighting proteins occur in pathogenic and commensal as well as in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The canonical functions of moonlighting proteins are in essential cellular processes, i.e., glycolysis, protein synthesis, chaperone activity, and nucleic acid stability, and their moonlighting functions include binding to host epithelial and phagocytic cells, subepithelia, cytoskeleton as well as to mucins and circulating proteins of the immune and hemostatic systems. Sequences of the moonlighting proteins do not contain known motifs for surface export or anchoring, and it has remained open whether bacterial moonlighting proteins are actively secreted to the cell wall or whether they are released from traumatized cells and then rebind onto the bacteria. In lactobacilli, ionic interactions with lipoteichoic acids and with cell division sites are important for surface localization of the proteins. Moonlighting proteins represent an abundant class of bacterial adhesins that are part of bacterial interactions with the environment and in responses to environmental changes. Multifunctionality in bacterial surface proteins appears common: the canonical adhesion proteins fimbriae express also nonadhesive functions, whereas the mobility organelles flagella as well as surface proteases express adhesive functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dancing to Another Tune—Adhesive Moonlighting Proteins in Bacteria

Kainulainen

Korhonen

2014

Biology

Self Cite

125

136

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“…Sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs) are suggested to play a crucial role in Lactobacillus-host interactions [2], and many have been shown to impact the adhesive ability of various Lactobacillus strains [31][32][33][34]. SDPs have a common molecular structure that includes an N-terminal signal peptide, often with an YSIRK-G/S motif that promotes secretion [35] and directs the protein to a specific surface localization [36], a C-terminal LPxTG motif, followed by a C-terminal transmembrane helix and a positively charged tail [2,37].…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effects Of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulation of Monocytes by Probiotic and Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria

Jensen

Drømtorp

Axelsson

et al. 2014

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, are recognized as common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract and have received considerable attention in the last decades due to their postulated health-promoting effects. LAB and probiotic bacteria can modulate the host immune response. However, much is unknown about the mediators and mechanisms responsible for their immunological effect. Here, we present a study using cytokine secretion from the monocytic cell line THP-1 and NF-κB activation in the monocytic cell line U937-3xkB-LUC to elucidate immune stimulating abilities of LAB in vitro. In this study, we investigate both commercially available and potential probiotic LAB strains, and the role of putative surface proteins of L. reuteri using mutants. L. reuteri strains induced the highest cytokine secretion and the highest NF-κB activation, whereas L. plantarum strains and L. rhamnosus GG were low inducers/activators. One of the putative L. reuteri surface proteins, Hmpref0536_10802, appeared to be of importance for the stimulation of THP-1 cells and the activation of NF-κB in U937-3xkB-LUC cells. Live and UV-inactivated preparations resulted in different responses for two of the strains investigated. Our results add to the complexity in the interaction between LAB and human cells and suggest the possible involvement of secreted pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of LAB. It is likely that it is the sum of bacterial surface proteins and bacterial metabolites and/or secreted proteins that induce cytokine secretion in THP-1 cells and activate NF-κB in U937-3xkB-LUC cells in this study.

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“…This vulnerability is thought to be due to immature or naïve immune responses as well as biologic vulnerability of the immature cervical epithelium inherent in adolescents 6 . There is some evidence to suggest that the microbiome of epithelium predominantly covered by columnar epithelium as seen in immature cervixes differs to that in epithelium predominantly covered by squamous epithelium 7 . It may be reasonable to ask “Does the microbiome of immature squamous epithelia contribute to the vulnerability to HPV infections?…”

Section: Hpv and Cervical Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer?

Kyrgiou

Mitra

Moscicki

2017

Translational Research

197

174

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Persistent infection with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary but not sufficient for the development of cervical cancer. The factors promoting persistence as well those triggering carcinogenetic pathways are incompletely understood. Rapidly evolving evidence indicates that the vaginal microbiome (VM) may play a functional role (both protective and harmful) in the acquisition and persistence of HPV, and subsequent development of cervical cancer. The first studies examining the vaginal microbiome and the presence of an HPV infection using next generation sequencing techniques (NGS) identified higher microbial diversity in HPV-positive as opposed to HPV-negative women. Furthermore, there appears to be a temporal relationship between the VM and HPV infection in that specific community state types (CSTs) may be correlated with a higher chance of progression or regression of the infection. Studies describing the VM in women with pre-invasive disease (squamous intra-epithelial neoplasia – SIL) consistently demonstrate a dysbiosis in women with the more severe disease. Although it is plausible that the composition of the VM may influence the host innate immune response, susceptibility to infection and the development of cervical disease, the studies to date do not prove causality. Future studies should explore the causal link between the VM and the clinical outcome in longitudinal samples from existing biobanks.

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Identification of a high-molecular-mass Lactobacillus epithelium adhesin (LEA) of Lactobacillus crispatus ST1 that binds to stratified squamous epithelium

Cited by 28 publications

References 62 publications

Dancing to Another Tune—Adhesive Moonlighting Proteins in Bacteria

Dancing to Another Tune—Adhesive Moonlighting Proteins in Bacteria

Immunomodulation of Monocytes by Probiotic and Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria

Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer?

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