Identification of a Gene inArabidopsis thalianaControlling Resistance to Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae)and Characterization of the Resistance Response

Fuchs, Heiko; Sacristán, M. D.

doi:10.1094/mpmi-9-0091

Cited by 86 publications
(70 citation statements)

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“…On the other part, a CR gene was reported in Arabidopsis thaliana itself. The reported locus was on the top of chromosome 1 (Fuchs and Sacristán 1996). Corresponding regions in Brassica genome have possibility to retain active CR genes.…”

Section: Identification Of Cr Locimentioning
confidence: 90%

Genetic Analysis of Clubroot Resistance in Brassica Crops
Hirai
¹

2006
Breed. Sci.
108
1
58
0
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Clubroot disease is caused by an obligate parasite, Plasmodiophora brassicae, and is one of the most serious diseases of Brassica crops worldwide. The pathogen is a eukaryote, and is a member of Plasmodiophorales. Recent phylogenic studies did not reveal its close relationship to fungi, but suggest a classification in Protozoa or Protoctista. The infection is thought to occur through two phases. The pathogen induces massive clubs on root, and prevents host growth. A number of clubroot resistance (CR) Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) cultivars have been bred using European turnips as sources of CR genes. Field populations of the pathogen have a wide variation of virulence, which causes the infection of CR Chinese cabbage cultivars. The CR gene of B. rapa is extensively studied with the aid of molecular markers. At least four independent loci are identified and mapped. They are all derived from European turnips. Crr1, and Crr2 are derived from Siloga and mapped in linkage groups R8 and R6, respectively. Crr3 from Milan White, and CRb from Gelria R are both mapped in R3. The molecular markers linked to Crr1, Crr2 and CRb showed homology to the central part of the long arm of chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings suggest that these CR genes are derived from the same region of the ancestral genome. In contrast, Crr3 is thought to have different origin, since its linkage markers showed homology to chromosome 3 of A. thaliana. Although another CR gene CRa is reported, the relationship between above mentioned four CR loci and CRa is not yet clarified. Genetic studies on CR genes in B. oleracea revealed a polygenic nature of the trait in this species and also suggest the presence of one CR gene having large effect. However, correspondence among the CR genes reported in these studies is not clarified because of the lack of information on base sequence of the linkage markers in this species. Strategies for breeding of more resistant Chinese cabbage cultivars to overcome the variation on virulence of field populations of the pathogen are presented.

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Section: Identification Of Cr Locimentioning
confidence: 90%

Genetic Analysis of Clubroot Resistance in Brassica Crops
Hirai
¹

2006
Breed. Sci.
108
1
58
0
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“…the first contact between primary zoospores and root hairs and development of primary plasmodia. Seven, 14, and 21 dpi correspond in a susceptible genotype to the early events of cortical cells colonization and club formation, respectively, during the secondary phase of infection (Fuchs and Sacristán, 1996). For each time point, an ANOVA was performed to evaluate inoculation and genotype effects on gene expression.…”

Section: Transcriptional Profiling Of Genes Involved In Polyamine Metmentioning
confidence: 99%

“…Natural variation in the responses to clubroot occurs in the model plant (Fuchs and Sacristán, 1996;Siemens et al, 2002;Alix et al, 2007) and our group discovered that the Burren-0 (Bur-0) accession is partially resistant to the eH P. brassicae isolate (Alix et al, 2007). The resistance harbored by this accession is under polygenic control (M. Jubault, C. Lariagon, M. Simon, R. Delourme, and M.J. Manzanares-Dauleux, unpublished data) and is characterized by a reduction of symptom severity.…”

mentioning
confidence: 99%

Differential Regulation of Root Arginine Catabolism and Polyamine Metabolism in Clubroot-Susceptible and Partially Resistant Arabidopsis Genotypes
Jubault
¹
,
Hamon
²
,
Gravot
³

et al. 2008
Plant Physiol.
113
1
76
0
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The hypertrophy and hyperplasia of infected roots into clubs are the intrinsic characteristics of clubroot, one of the economically most important diseases in Brassica crops worldwide. Polyamines, arginine (Arg)-derived metabolites, have long been recognized as cell proliferation and differentiation regulators in plants and consequently are suitable candidates for potential gall development factors. Furthermore, Arg catabolism, through arginase, which is strongly connected to polyamine metabolism, would play an important role in response to wound trauma and pathogen infection. In this study, we exploited the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)-Plasmodiophora brassicae pathosystem to investigate the involvement of polyamine metabolism and Arg catabolism in host responses to the pathogen infection and in partial clubroot resistance mechanisms. We demonstrated at the transcriptional, enzymatic, and metabolic levels that polyamine metabolism and Arg catabolism are induced during the later stages of disease in compatible Arabidopsis-P. brassicae interactions. However, susceptible and partially resistant plants showed strikingly different Arg metabolism signatures. Susceptible plants were characterized by a transient agmatine production, a massive induction of arginase, and a strong accumulation of proline. The potential functions of this marked activation of the arginase pathway in the P. brassicae pathogenicity strategy are discussed. Partially resistant plants showed a continuous agmatine production and a weaker arginase pathway activity than the susceptible genotype. Results suggest that the symptom severity was strongly associated to the differential regulation of root polyamine metabolism and Arg catabolism. Further work using arginase transgenic plants will provide insight into the physiological function of the arginase pathway in partial clubroot resistance.Clubroot, caused by the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron., is one of the economically most important diseases of Brassica crops in the world. The life cycle of this soil-borne pathogen can be divided into two phases: a primary phase in which events are confined to the root hairs, and a secondary phase that occurs in the cortex and the stele of the hypocotyl and roots of the infected plants. During the second phase, multinucleate plasmodia cause the hypertrophy (abnormal cell enlargement) and hyperplasia (uncontrolled cell division) of infected roots into characteristic clubs (Ingram and Tommerup, 1972). These symptoms obstruct nutrient and water transport, stunt the growth of the plant, and consequently reduce crop yield and quality. Since the pathogen survives as resting spores for a long period (up to 15 years) in the soil, control of the disease by agricultural practices and/or chemical treatments is difficult and/ or expensive. Thus, the development of resistant cultivars is currently the most efficient way to control clubroot among Brassica crops. Both qualitative and quantitative clubroot resistances have been identified and a...

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“…5B, the transcriptional expression of PgCCR in response to salicylic acid, was strongly expressed at 48hr post treatment in hairy root. Lignifications can be important component of the defense response leading to resistance 10,11) . In the case of pathogen attack, stimulation of enzyme activities involved in the more specific lignin pathway was correlated with increased lignin synthesis 12) .…”

Section: Differential Expressions Of the Pgccr Under Various Abiotic mentioning
confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase Gene from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer
2008
Journal of Ginseng Research
6
0
0
0
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: Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44) catalyses the reduction of cinnamic acid CoA esters into their corresponding aldehydes, the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway specially dedicated to monolignol biosynthesis. A cDNA clones encoding CCR have been isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and its expression was investigated in response to abiotic stresses. The cDNA, designated PgCCR which is 865 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 590 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 176 residues. The PgCCR encoded protein possesses substantial homology with CCRs isolated and cloned from other sources; the highest identity (51.8%) was observed with CCR from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Under various stress conditions, expression patterns of the PgCCR were highly induced in adventitious and hairy roots by several abiotic stresses. These results indicated that PgCCR plays protective role against diverse environmental stresses.

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Identification of a Gene inArabidopsis thalianaControlling Resistance to Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae)and Characterization of the Resistance Response

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic Analysis of Clubroot Resistance in Brassica Crops

Genetic Analysis of Clubroot Resistance in Brassica Crops

Differential Regulation of Root Arginine Catabolism and Polyamine Metabolism in Clubroot-Susceptible and Partially Resistant Arabidopsis Genotypes

Isolation and Characterization of Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase Gene from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

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