Identification of a cytochrome P450 gene in the earthworm Eisenia fetida and its mRNA expression under enrofloxacin stress

Li, Yinsheng; Zhao, Chun; Lu, Xiaoxu; Ai, Xinghao; Qiu, Jiangping

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.020

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…coelomic cytolytic factor, i.e., CCF 21 ), antimicrobial proteins (lumbricin I 22 , LBP/BPI 23 , lysozyme 24 ), toll-like receptors functioning in innate immune response against pathogens (mccTLR 25 and sccTLR 26 ), proteins involved in response to oxidative stress (SOD 27 , CAT 27 , and CRT 28 ) or metal stress (PCS 20 ), detoxification proteins (GST 27 and CYP450 29 ), and heat shock protein (HSP70 30 ). However, there was still no holistic overview of earthworm defensive systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the genome, we also performed iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis to detect differentially expressed proteins of A. corticis and sequenced 16 S rDNA from its intestinal tract after treatment with a pathogenic Escherichia coli stress O157:H7 17,18 to reveal how this earthworm genome functions when facing stresses. Last, we systematically profiled copies of several categories of well determined defensive genes in the genome, including lysins [19][20][21] , antimicrobial proteins [22][23][24] , Toll-like receptors 25,26 , proteins involved in response to oxidative stress 27,28 or metal stress 20 , detoxification proteins 27,29 , and heat shock protein 30 , and found their expansion trend in the genome as well as high diversity in the population of A. corticis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Amynthas corticis genome reveals molecular mechanisms behind global distribution

et al. 2021

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Earthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata) are widely distributed around the world due to their ancient origination as well as adaptation and invasion after introduction into new habitats over the past few centuries. Herein, we report a 1.2 Gb complete genome assembly of the earthworm Amynthas corticis based on a strategy combining third-generation long-read sequencing and Hi-C mapping. A total of 29,256 protein-coding genes are annotated in this genome. Analysis of resequencing data indicates that this earthworm is a triploid species. Furthermore, gene family evolution analysis shows that comprehensive expansion of gene families in the Amynthas corticis genome has produced more defensive functions compared with other species in Annelida. Quantitative proteomic iTRAQ analysis shows that expression of 147 proteins changed in the body of Amynthas corticis and 16 S rDNA sequencing shows that abundance of 28 microorganisms changed in the gut of Amynthas corticis when the earthworm was incubated with pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Our genome assembly provides abundant and valuable resources for the earthworm research community, serving as a first step toward uncovering the mysteries of this species, and may provide molecular level indicators of its powerful defensive functions, adaptation to complex environments and invasion ability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Amynthas corticis genome reveals molecular mechanisms behind global distribution

et al. 2021

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“…Although a draft genome of the earthworm E. fetida has been published (Paul et al, 2018), this genome has so far not been mined for CYP450 genes. Currently, only one CYP450 has been indicated to be responsive to xenobiotic exposure depending on dose (Li et al, 2018). A greater number of studies have measured the expression of genes for glutathione‐ S ‐transferases (GSTs), an enzyme family involved in phase II metabolism, as a potential biomarker for xenobiotic exposure and effects in earthworms (Hattab et al, 2015; Nam et al, 2017; Novo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Ecotoxicology Needs Robust Biomarkers: A Meta‐Analysis Approach to Test the Robustness of Gene Expression‐Based Biomarkers for Measuring Chemical Exposure Effects in Soil Invertebrates

Swart

Martell²,

Svendsen

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Gene expression-based biomarkers are regularly proposed as rapid, sensitive, and mechanistically informative tools to identify whether soil invertebrates experience adverse effects due to chemical exposure. However, before biomarkers could be deployed within diagnostic studies, systematic evidence of the robustness of such biomarkers to detect effects is needed. In our study, we present an approach for conducting a meta-analysis of the robustness of gene expressionbased biomarkers in soil invertebrates. The approach was developed and trialed for two measurements of gene expression commonly proposed as biomarkers in soil ecotoxicology: earthworm metallothionein (MT) gene expression for metals and earthworm heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression for organic chemicals. We collected 294 unique gene expression data points from the literature and used linear mixed-effect models to assess concentration, exposure duration, and species effects on the quantified response. The meta-analysis showed that the expression of earthworm MT was strongly metal concentration dependent, stable over time and species independent. The metal concentration-dependent response was strongest for cadmium, indicating that this gene is a suitable biomarker for this metal. For copper, no clear concentrationdependent response of MT gene expression in earthworms was found, indicating MT is not a reliable biomarker for this metal. For HSP70, overall marginal up-regulation and lack of a concentration-dependent response indicated that this gene is not suitable as a biomarker for organic pollutant effects in earthworms. The present study demonstrates how meta-analysis can be used to assess the status of biomarkers. We encourage colleagues to apply this open-access approach to other biomarkers, as such quantitative assessment is a prerequisite to ensuring that the suitability and limitations of proposed biomarkers are known and stated.

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“…These authors observed that ENR at concentrations up to 10 mg kg -1 led to increases in CYP 450 expression in Eisenia fetida earthworms. On the other hand, higher ENR concentrations (from 100 mg kg -1 ) reduced the detoxi cation capacity of exposed earthworms (Li et al 2018). In a matrix-based approach, Curi et al (2017) observed decreased GST activity in anuran larvae (Leptodactylus chaquensis) exposed to poultry litter at high concentrations (125 and 250 g kg -1 ).…”

Section: Gst Activity and Gsh Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another factor that may in uence increased detoxi cation capacity (and GST activity) comprises the stimulation of the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP 450) in the presence of ENR (Li et al 2018). These authors observed that ENR at concentrations up to 10 mg kg -1 led to increases in CYP 450 expression in Eisenia fetida earthworms.…”

Section: Gst Activity and Gsh Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant system alterations and biological health status of earthworms following long-term exposure to antibiotic-contaminated poultry litter

Sales

Silva

Araújo

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Poultry litter is widely applied as a fertilizer even though it is one of the main antibiotic sources for agricultural soils. Long-term sublethal effects (56 days) on the antioxidant system of Eisenia andrei earthworms following exposure to uoroquinolone-contaminated poultry litter (enro oxacin + cipro oxacin) at 5.0, 10 and 20 g kg -1 were evaluated. The following biomarkers were assessed: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-trasferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and a lipid peroxidation (LPO) proxy. Signi cant CAT and SOD increases and a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) between these enzymes was observed. Glutathione-S-trasferase levels increased signi cantly at 10 g kg -1 , while GSH exhibited a dose-dependent response at 5.0 mg kg -1 (4 -106%), 10 mg kg -1 (28 -330 %) and 20 mg kg -1 (45 -472%). LPO levels exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing poultry litter concentrations of 8 -170% (5.0 g kg -1 ), 7 -104% (10 mg kg -1 ) and 3 -6% (20 mg kg -1 ). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted increased SOD and CAT activities, possibly due to increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Biological Health Status assessments based on the Biomarker Response Index indicate major alterations in the rst month of exposure, changing to moderate in the second month. These ndings indicate an antioxidant system attenuation trend. It is possible, however, that successive poultry litter applications may reduce the long-term recovery capacity of the evaluated biomarkers.

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Identification of a cytochrome P450 gene in the earthworm Eisenia fetida and its mRNA expression under enrofloxacin stress

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Amynthas corticis genome reveals molecular mechanisms behind global distribution

Amynthas corticis genome reveals molecular mechanisms behind global distribution

Soil Ecotoxicology Needs Robust Biomarkers: A Meta‐Analysis Approach to Test the Robustness of Gene Expression‐Based Biomarkers for Measuring Chemical Exposure Effects in Soil Invertebrates

Antioxidant system alterations and biological health status of earthworms following long-term exposure to antibiotic-contaminated poultry litter

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