2018
DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0042-x
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Identification of 22q13 genes most likely to contribute to Phelan McDermid syndrome

Abstract: Chromosome 22q13.3 deletion (Phelan McDermid) syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from deletions or other genetic variants on distal 22q. Pathological variants of the SHANK3 gene have been identified, but terminal chromosomal deletions including SHANK3 are most common. Terminal deletions disrupt up to 108 protein-coding genes. The impact of these losses is highly variable and includes both significantly impairing neurodevelopmental and somatic manifestations. The current revi… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications
(92 citation statements)
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References 72 publications
(94 reference statements)
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“…Variations in the SHANK3 gene have been found in several patients suffering from diverse neurological disorders. [178,179] While decreased Shank3 expression leads to lowered signal transduction, the overexpression of Shank3 was found to lead to manic behavior and epilepsy in mice, and hyperkinetic disorders in mice and potentially in human patients. [177] Partial or complete deletion in chromosome 22q13.3, encoding Shank3 (haploinsufficiency), causes late motor development, highly delayed speech, and intellectual disability.…”
Section: Targeting the Pdz Domain Of Src Homology 3 And Multiple Ankymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Variations in the SHANK3 gene have been found in several patients suffering from diverse neurological disorders. [178,179] While decreased Shank3 expression leads to lowered signal transduction, the overexpression of Shank3 was found to lead to manic behavior and epilepsy in mice, and hyperkinetic disorders in mice and potentially in human patients. [177] Partial or complete deletion in chromosome 22q13.3, encoding Shank3 (haploinsufficiency), causes late motor development, highly delayed speech, and intellectual disability.…”
Section: Targeting the Pdz Domain Of Src Homology 3 And Multiple Ankymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As deleções maiores (média de 4.77 Mb) representam a perda de ~108 genes em PMS (Mitz et al, 2018), porém a deleção do gene SHANK3 é suficiente para produzir as características fenotípicas de PMS, incluindo deficiência intelectual, autismo, atraso grave de fala, hipotonia, epilepsia, deficiência motora, fenótipo dismórfico, tolerância a dor, alterações gastrointestinais e alterações em neuroimagens (DE Rubeis et al, 2018). No entanto, deleções intersticiais raras em 22q13, não incluindo o gene SHANK3, também foram observadas em pacientes com fenótipo de PMS, sugerindo a implicação de genes adicionais ou efeito posicional nesta região, que podem influenciar a expressão do SHANK3 (Tabet et al, 2017).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…A deleção na probanda revelou haploinsuficiência de genes candidatos, incluindo o SHANK3, que pode estar contribuindo para as manifestações clínicas relevantes da PMS. Os múltiplos genes deletados próximos ao SHANK3 são altamente expressos no cérebro e existe alta probabilidade de a "intolerância à perda de função" apresentar associação direta com a doença do neurodesenvolvimento ou regular vias do neurodesenvolvimento (migração neuronal, diferenciação, polaridade celular) (Mitz et al, 2018). Alguns desses genes deletados são altamente e/ou diferentemente expressos no cerebelo: SHANK3 (células granulosas), ZBED4 (cerebelo), MAPK8IP2 (células de Purkinje), PIM3 (aumenta regulação no cerebelo após convulsões) e PLXNB2 (migração e diferenciação das células granulosas).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
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“…deletions. 3 The residual variation intolerance score is 89.33%, and the probability of loss-of-function intolerance for PNPLA3 is near zero, suggesting no effect on reproductive fitness.…”
mentioning
confidence: 94%