Identification, expression pattern and potential role of variable lymphocyte receptor Aj-VLRA from Apostichopus japonicus in response to bacterial challenge

Yang, Lei; Yao, Feng; Ba, Huazhong; Qin, Tong; Luan, Hong; Li, Zhengmin; Lin, Hui; Zou, Xiangyang

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.010

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…VLR is a key immune factor in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate and is first discovered in L. japonicum (1,2). Recently, VLR genes or VLR-like genes are also identified in invertebrate and found probably to play a role in the invertebrate immune system (8)(9)(10). In this study, a novel VLR gene named VLR2 is identified in E. sinensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In this study, a novel VLR gene named VLR2 is identified in E. sinensis . VLR2 has multiple transcripts and performs a certain degree of diversity, which is similar to VLRs of agnathan vertebrate, rather than the reported invertebrate VLRs such as EsVLRA in E. sinensis ( 8 ), Aj-VLRA in A. japonicas ( 9 ) and LvLRRm in L. vannamei ( 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Ten VLR2 isoforms in this study also have above structural characteristics, except that VLR2-S1 to VLR2-S9 do not contain transmembrane domains. The lengths of VLR2 isoforms (from 103 to 453 aa) are shorter than that of EsVLRA (799 aa) in E. sinensis (8) and Aj-VLRA (664 aa) in A. japonicus (9), which are closer to Petromyzon marinus VLRs (≤ 417 aa) (28). The three-dimensional structural model prediction shows that all ten VLR2 isoforms own crescent-shaped solenoid structures in LRRs regions (29) and these structures might perform microbial recognition functions (30), which has also been reported in EsVLRA (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, VLR genes or VLR-like genes have been found in invertebrate, such as Apostichopus japonicus, Litopenaeus vannamei, Eriocheir sinensis, etc. (8)(9)(10). In E. sinensis, the VLR gene exhibits strong bacteria-binding activity rather than antibacterial activity, and functions in crab immune priming through its immune memory-like characteristic (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play vital roles in adaptive immune system of agnathan vertebrate. In the present study, we first discover a novel VLR gene, VLR2, from an invertebrate, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. VLR2 has ten different isoforms formed via alternative splicing, which is different from that in agnathan vertebrate with the assembly of LRR modules. The longest isoform, VLR2-L, responds to Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus challenge specifically, while shows no response to Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, confirmed by recombinant expression and bacterial binding experiments. Interestingly, VLR2s with short LRRs regions (VLR2-S8 and VLR2-S9) tend to bind to Gram-negative bacteria rather than Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial activity assay proves six isoforms of VLR2 have pluralistic antibacterial effects on bacteria which were never reported in invertebrate. These results suggest that the diversity and specificity of VLR2 resulted from alternative splicing and the length of the LRRs region. This pathogen-binding receptor diversity will lay the foundation for the study of immune priming. Furthermore, studying the immune function of VLR2 will provide a new insight into the disease control strategy of crustacean culture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…In Chlamys farreri, the LRR-only protein CfLRRop-1 could bind to different PAMPs and induce the release of TNF-alpha in hemocytes of scallop [16]. In the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, the LRR-only protein Aj-VLRA, which shared a similar structure and function with the type A VLR protein, was responsive to pathogen challenge and bound to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [17]. The immune functions of LRR-only proteins were also reported in shrimp and crab.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LvCD14L Acts as a Novel Pattern Recognition Receptor and a Regulator of the Toll Signaling Pathway in Shrimp

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a structural motif has important recognition function in immune receptors, such as Tolls and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). The immune-related LRR proteins can be divided into two categories, LRR-containing proteins and LRR-only proteins. The latter contain LRR motifs while they are without other functional domains. However, the functional mechanisms of the LRR-only proteins were still unclear in invertebrates. Here, we identified a gene encoding a secretory LRR-only protein, which possessed similarity with vertebrate CD14 and was designated as LvCD14L, from the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Its transcripts in shrimp hemocytes were apparently responsive to the infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Knockdown of LvCD14L with dsRNA resulted in significant increase of the viable bacteria in the hepatopancreas of shrimp upon V. parahaemolyticus infection. Further functional studies revealed that LvCD14L could bind to microorganisms’ PAMPs, showed interaction with LvToll1 and LvToll2, and regulated the expression of LvDorsal and LvALF2 in hemocytes. These results suggest that LvCD14L functions as a pattern recognition receptor and activates the NF-κB pathway through interaction with LvTolls. The present study reveals a shrimp LvCD14L-Tolls-NF-κB signaling pathway like the CD14/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mammalians, which enriches the functional mechanism of secretory LRR-only immune receptors during pathogens infection in invertebrates.

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Transcriptome analysis of tube foot and large scale marker discovery in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

Zhou

Wang

Cui

et al. 2016

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Pr

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Identification, expression pattern and potential role of variable lymphocyte receptor Aj-VLRA from Apostichopus japonicus in response to bacterial challenge

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis

Alternative splicing derived invertebrate variable lymphocyte receptor displays diversity and specificity in immune system of crab Eriocheir sinensis

LvCD14L Acts as a Novel Pattern Recognition Receptor and a Regulator of the Toll Signaling Pathway in Shrimp

Transcriptome analysis of tube foot and large scale marker discovery in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

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