Identification, expression, and localization of β keratin gene products during development of avian scutate scales

Shames, Rose B.; Knapp, Loren W.; Carver, Wayne; Sawyer, Roger H.

doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1988.tb00205.x

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, this second appearance of "on" cues along the anterior metatarsus region is constrained spatially by ongoing morphogenesis, as observed in the distribution of beta keratins in suprabasal cells along the outer surfaces (beta strata) of scutate scales and not in cells along their inner surfaces Shames et al, 1988;Knapp et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 17 days of development ( Fig. 2A) seven beta keratins (1-7) and their phosphorylated forms (Pl-3) are present in the extracts of the normal anterior metatarsal epidermis (Shames et al, 1988). Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with p l antiserum shows that the beta keratins are restricted to the embryonic layers, predominantly the subperiderm, at this stage of development ( Fig.…”

Section: Normal 17-day Embryosmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This suspension was centrifuged and the pellets were washed twice in 0.01 M Tris adjusted to a pH 7.6. This material was highly enriched for insoluble proteins, predominantly alpha and beta keratins (Shames et al, 1988;Knapp et al, 1991).…”

Section: Extraction Of Epidermal Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue sections were deparaffinized and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C with primary antiserum made in rabbit against a purified chicken beta keratin. The antiserum used in this study was made specifically against the p l polypeptide (Shames et al, 1988) and has been shown to cross react in Western blots with all known beta keratins found in scales (Shames et al, 1991). Tissue sections were rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubated in PBS containing a 1:lOO dilution of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat antirabbit antibodies (ICN).…”

Section: Immunohistologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During formation of overlapping scutate scales the outer surfaces of these structures develop thick beta strata which accumulate polypeptides pl-7 (OGuin and O'Guin et al, 1982;Shames et al, 1988Shames et al, , 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Region‐specific patterns of beta keratin expression during avian skin development

Knapp¹,

Shames²,

Barnes³

et al. 1993

Developmental Dynamics

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The transient embryonic layers primarily composed of a periderm and subperiderm cover most regions of the chick embryo and are the first suprabasal cell layers covering the body ectoderm. This study presents evidence for regional vriation in the expression of beta keratin in the embryonic layers. Here we show that the embryonic layers covering the anterior metatarsal region of the chicken hindlimb (scutate scale forming region) produce several members of the beta keratin family of polypeptides, designated beta (β) 1–7. These specific polypeptides are later expressed in this region exclusively in the thick, cornified beta strata of mature scutate scales. In contrast to this sequence of events, the embryonic layers overlying the epidermis of the ventral foot pad (reticulate scale‐forming region) and those covering the epidermis in apteric regions of the body produce beta keratin polypeptides β1–3 and β2,3, respectively, but no subsequent expression of these proteins occurs in the mature epidermises of these regions. Furthermore, we find that the embryonic layers of the skin overlying the anterior metatasal region of birds homozygous for the mutation “scaleless” (sc/sc), which completely lack scutate scales, produce the same members of the beta keratin family, β1–7, as the embryonic layers and beta strata of normal scutate scales. Thus, the accumulation of specific beta keratin polypeptides in the developing anterior metatarsal region appears to occur in two distinct phases; first, an early region‐specific expression in cells of the embryonic layers followed by a second phase of expression which occurs in conjunction with appendage morphogenesis. The relationship between differentiation of embryonic skin and the expression of beta keratins is discussed. © 1993 wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Normal 17-day Embryosmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Extraction Of Epidermal Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunohistologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Region‐specific patterns of beta keratin expression during avian skin development

Knapp¹,

Shames²,

Barnes³

et al. 1993

Developmental Dynamics

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Dorsal dermis of the scaleless (sc/sc) embryo directs normal feather pattern formation until day 8 of development

Song

Sawyer

1996

Dev. Dyn.

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Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical analysis of α and β keratins in the avian lingual epithelium

Carver

Sawyer

1989

Am. J. Anat.

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The alpha and beta keratins are found as 10-nm and 3-nm cytoplasmic filaments, respectively. While the alpha keratins are produced in essentially all vertebrate epithelia (Franke et al.: Exp. Cell Res., 116:429-445, 1978; Sun et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:2813-2817, 1979), the beta keratins have been demonstrated only in specific epithelial tissues of birds and reptiles (Sawyer et al.: In: Biology of the Integument: Vertebrates. J. Bereiter-Hahn, A.G. Matoltsy, and K.S. Richards, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 2, pp. 194-238, 1986; Landmann: In: Biology of the Integument: Vertebrates. J. Bereiter-Hahn, A.G. Matoltsy, and K.S. Richards, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 2, pp. 150-187, 1986). Recently, Homberger and Brush (Zoomorphology, 106:103-114, 1986) have demonstrated that within the lingual epithelium of parrots, beta keratins are expressed exclusively in the anterior ventral region. While it is well established that epidermal-dermal interactions are important for the regional expression of the beta keratin genes in the avian scutate scales and feathers, little is known about the expression of beta keratins in other epithelial structures such as the tongue. We have used biochemical and immunocytochemical techniques to analyze the alpha and beta keratins of the lingual epithelium of the chick as an initial step in the characterization of this model system for developmental studies. We have found that alpha keratins are present throughout the lingual epithelium. The anterior ventral epithelium contains alpha keratin polypeptides characteristic of skin-type differentiation, while the epithelium of the dorsal and posterior ventral regions contains alpha keratin polypeptides characteristic of esophageal-type differentiation (O'Guin et al.: In: Current Topics in Developmental Biology: The Molecular and Developmental Biology of Keratins. A.A. Moscona and A. Monroy, eds. R.H. Sawyer, vol. ed. Academic Press, New York, Vol. 22, pp. 282-306, 1987). Beta keratins are produced only in the differentiated epithelial cells of the anterior ventral region of the tongue. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates that the alpha and beta keratins of the stratum intermedium and corneum of the anterior ventral region are found together in the large filament bundles characteristic of this region. The preexistence of the alpha keratins in the cells destined to produce beta keratins as well as the colocalization of these keratins in the filament bundles of these cells suggests that a functional relationship may exist between the alpha and beta keratins.

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Identification, expression, and localization of β keratin gene products during development of avian scutate scales

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Region‐specific patterns of beta keratin expression during avian skin development

Region‐specific patterns of beta keratin expression during avian skin development

Dorsal dermis of the scaleless (sc/sc) embryo directs normal feather pattern formation until day 8 of development

Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical analysis of α and β keratins in the avian lingual epithelium

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