Identification, characterization and modulation of ferritin-H in the sub-Antarctic Notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis

Intermediary metabolic response and gene transcription modulation on the Sub‐Antarctic notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1930) injected with two strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis

“…In contrast, fish intraperitoneally injected with AUSTRAL‐005 showed an increment of triglycerides, lactate, total proteins and α‐amino acid levels compared to sham‐inoculated and non‐injected fish, suggesting a greater effect of the antibiotic‐resistant strain compared to LF‐89, thus indicating a greater consumption of energetic resources. These results correlate with previous findings showing that antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains can increase their virulence and pathogenicity, as has been previously observed in P. salmonis (Martínez, Oyarzún, Vargas‐Lagos, et al, ; Martinez & Baquero, ).…”

“…showing that antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains can increase their virulence and pathogenicity, as has been previously observed in P. salmonis (Martínez, Oyarzún, Vargas-Lagos, et al, 2017;Martinez & Baquero, 2002).…”

“…The experimental design in this study was the same as utilized by Martínez, Oyarzún, Pontigo, et al () and Martínez, Oyarzún, Vargas‐Lagos, et al (). After the acclimation period, the fish were randomly transfer to rectangular 100‐L tanks (42 fish per treatment, 21 fish per tank by duplicate, three fish sampled per tank in each condition, total six fish per treatment each day), and submitted to the experimental treatments: control (fish inoculated with culture media), LF‐89 (fish inoculated with the wild‐type strain) and AUSTRAL‐005 (fish inoculated with the antibiotic‐resistant strain).…”

“…The strategy used by the salmon aquaculture industry to prevent and/or limit P. salmonis infections is focused on the use of antibiotics and vaccines (Lozano, Díaz, Muñoz, & Riquelme, 2018;Maisey et al, 2016), however, existing treatments are inefficient and frequently lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant isolates (Martínez, Díaz-Ibarrola, et al, 2018). Comparative genomic analysis of P. salmonis has demonstrated the existence of genes that contribute to tetracycline and florfenicol resistance, resulting in more virulent and pathogenic bacterial strains compared to strains isolated from wild fish (Cartes et al, 2016;Martínez, Oyarzún, Vargas-Lagos, et al, 2017;Miller & Harbottle, 2017). To date, the impact of antibioticresistant P. salmonis strains on native Chilean fish species, including E. maclovinus, has not been totally understood.…”

LPS Modulates the Expression of Iron-Related Immune Genes in Two Antarctic Notothenoids

“…These primers were designed based on N. coriiceps species because is the only genome partially published and available on public NCBI database 1 and further confirmed by blast against of several known genome of fish species that are phylogenetically similar such as Danio rerio, Oryzias melastigma, Oreochromis niloticus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Tetraodon nigroviridis, Xiphophorus maculatus by public ENSEMBL database 2 and Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata fish species by public CCMAR Sea Genomics database 3 . The qPCR reaction was performed according to a published protocol (Martínez et al, 2017b), specifically: 95 • C for 10 min, followed by 40 cycles at 90 • C for 10 s, 60 • C for 15 s, and 72 • C for 15 s. Melting curve analysis of the amplified products was performed at the end of each PCR to confirm that only one PCR product was amplified and detected. Expression levels were analyzed using the comparative Ct method (2 − CT ) (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001).…”