Identification by SNP Analysis of a Major Role for Cayetana Blanca in the Genetic Network of Iberian Peninsula Grapevine Varieties

Abstract

Cayetana Blanca is a grapevine variety widely distributed in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Its numerous synonyms and its presence in northern Africa point to a long history of cultivation. The goal here was to identify the genetic relationships of Cayetana Blanca with other Iberian and Mediterranean cultivars using a panel of SNP markers. A total of 243 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and four chloroplast microsatellite loci allowed for identifying synonyms and trio (parents and offspring) and duo (parent-offspring) relationships. Six trios including Cayetana Blanca as a parent were found and supported by very high LODs. Five of the trios had the variety Alfrocheiro Preto as the other parent and gave rise to cultivars used in Portugal: Cornifesto, Camarate, Mouratón, Malvasia Preta, and Periquita. The Spanish cultivar Jaén Tinto is confirmed to be an offspring of Cayetana Blanca and Listán Prieto. Additionally, synonyms and duos were detected that, in some cases, were not anticipated. The parents of Cayetana Blanca remain unknown, while the geographical origin of Cayetana Blanca could be a border region between Portugal and Spain. Results show that this cultivar has had a relevant impact in the viticulture of that area. As in other European regions, viticulture in the Iberian Peninsula is also marked by the impact of certain varieties that have worked as progenitors of many present cultivars. The results also show the interconnection between Portuguese and Spanish viticulture. Finally, the study demonstrates that SNP is a powerful tool for parentage inference in grapevine.

Genetic Relationships Among Portuguese Cultivated and Wild Vitis vinifera L. Germplasm

“…A number of varieties were found to have played an important role in the genetic network of the studied grapevine varieties. Together with Alfrocheiro, #277; Mourisco Branco/Hebén, #5335 and Sarigo/Cayetana Blanca, #5648, previously described (Zinelabidine et al, 2012;Zinelabidine et al, 2015;Cunha et al, 2015), Marufo, #8086, a female grapevine variety bearing chlorotype (chl) D, was found to be a parent (mother) in 18 trios (14 identified for the first time in this study) ( Figure 5A, Supplementary Table 5). Gouveio, #12953 (chl A), an old variety from Douro wine region, is involved as a parent in five new trios.…”

“…DNA from grapevines was genotyped with 261 nuclear SNPs obtained by Lijavetzky et al (2007) and Cabezas et al (2011) ( Supplementary Table 2). SNP genotyping was performed using SNPlex (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, MA USA) or Veracode (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) technologies as described in Zinelabidine et al (2012;. Genotyping services were provided in Spain by the National Genotyping Center 1 .…”

“…This fact probably favored them having a larger number of descendants becoming new cultivated varieties. Mourisco Branco (Hebén) is the female parent of Sarigo (Cayetana Blanca) which has several descendants with its own mother (Zinelabidine et al, 2012;Zinelabidine et al, 2015;Cunha et al, 2015).…”

“…Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are one of the most powerful DNA markers recently developed. They have been adapted to a large number of applications in the study of grapevine, including genetic identification (Cabezas et al, 2011;Cunha et al, 2016), diversity studies, genetic structure, and domestication history of grape (Myles et al, 2011), or pedigree and phylogeny studies (Ibáñez et al, 2012;Zinelabidine et al, 2012). SNPs are alternative or complementary to other markers often used in grapevine, like nuclear microsatellites (nuclear simple sequence repeats SSR), or chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR) (Bourquin et al, 1993;Sefc et al, 2000;Arroyo-García et al, 2006).…”

Characterization of Grapevines by the Use of Genetic Markers

“…Zinelabidine et al [90] used SNP markers to assess the role of the cultivar Cayetana Blanca in terms of its genetic relationships with other Iberian and Mediterranean cultivars. A total of 427 cultivars were analyzed as possible parent candidates, using 243 SNPs.…”