Identification by meconia of two egg parasitoids ofThaumetopoea wilkinsoni

Schmidt, Gerhard; Kitt, J.

doi:10.1007/bf03158590

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Many egg parasitoids emerged before sampling of the egg‐batches, but could be identified later through the specific characteristics of their meconia ( Schmidt 1994 ; Tanzen 1995) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of egg‐batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula

Schmidt

Tanzen

Bellin

1999

J Applied Entomology

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In four regions of the Iberian Peninsula 162 egg!batches of the pine processionary moth were collected after hatching of the caterpillars in 0880 and 0881[ After collection\ the batches were stored singly in test tubes closed with foam stoppers under laboratory conditions at 19Ð14>C[ The number of eggs in each egg!batch varied between 26 and 201 and the length of the batches between 9[5 and 3[1 cm[ Independently of the pine species infested\ seven to nine rows of eggs were counted\ wrapped around one pair of needles[ A correlation was found between number of eggs and the product of number of egg rows and length of egg!batches "71) ³ r 1 ³ 86)#[ Oviposition almost always started from the base towards the tip of the needles[ The egg parasitoids that emerged were counted daily\ removed and identi_ed[ Later in the year of oviposition\ after the end of the period of emergence of the parasitoids\ the scale cover of the egg! batches were removed[ One year later\ all eggs were opened and the contents\ such as parasitoid meconia and remains of caterpillars\ were determined[ The hatching rate of the caterpillars varied from 36[1 to 68[6)[ The rate of parasitism uctuated between 00[2 and 20[6)\ but 33) of parasitoids died before successful emergence[ Four species of Chal! cidoidea were identi_ed] Baryscapus servadeii "Dom[#\ Ooencyrtus pityocampae "Mercet#\ Anastatus bifasciatus "Fonsc[# and Trichogramma sp[ Baryscapus servadeii and O[ pityocampae were the most abundant species\ followed by Trich! ogramma sp[ Baryscapus servadeii emerged mainly in June and O[ pityocampae in April or June\ depending on the region[ For A[ bifasciatus only males\ and for B[ servadeii females emerged except one male[ In O[ pityocampae\ a relatively high percentage of males "4[3Ð09[3)# was found[

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“…Many egg parasitoids emerged before sampling of the egg‐batches, but could be identified later through the specific characteristics of their meconia ( Schmidt 1994 ; Tanzen 1995) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of egg‐batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula

Schmidt

Tanzen

Bellin

1999

J Applied Entomology

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“…A ) Meconium of a Anastatus bifasciatus larva (d), B) Meconium of a Macroneura vesicularis larva (0) , both after diapausing decelopment without remains of the host purpose it was useful to prepare the scheme shown in table 1. In this way emergence could be related to the specific meconia and remains (SCHMIDT and KITT, 1994) and the meconia of two further egg parasitoids could be identified. We found that many egg parasitoids emerged in the fall of the same year, but not much later after the hatching of the caterpillars (SCHMIDT, 1988).…”

Section: Parasitoid Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to determine the impact of parasitism and mortality rate at any time in the year. SCHMIDT and KITT (1994) studied and described the differences in the meconia of 0. piiyocumpue and B. serradeii. In each host egg, 'The research conducted w a s supported by the Government of Lower Saxony.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism of egg‐batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in various regions of Bulgaria¹

Tsankov

Schmidt

Mirchev

1996

J Applied Entomology

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In forests of Pinus nigra Arn. 147 egg‐batches of T. pityocampa were collected at different locations in Bulgaria in September‐October 1991 and March and June 1992. Directly after collection all batches were put singly into test tubes with cotton stoppers and stored under laboratory conditions at 20–22°C. Oviposition always started from the base towards the top of the needle. The emergence of egg parasitoids were controlled almost daily and they were counted and identified. The eggs from which parasitoids emerged were marked for further studies. After removing the scales and opening the eggs, the impact of the parasitoid species was evaluated by their meconia and remains. Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) was observed as the most abundant egg parasitoid, followed by Anastatus bifasciatus (Fonsc.) and Baryscapus servadeii (Dom.). The hyperparasitoid, Baryscapus transversalis Graham was recorded for the first time in Bulgaria and the polyphagous species Macroneura vesicularis (Retzius) was collected in Bulgaria for the first time from an egg‐batch of T. pityocampa. Trichogramma sp. was obtained in small amounts, too. Total mortality of host eggs varied from 34% to 48%; the mortality rate due to parasitism was 24.5% to 38.9%. The emergence dynamics of the egg parasitoids was studied under laboratory conditions, and the distribution of the egg parasitoids in the egg‐batches was recorded in detail. Additionally, the structure of the meconia of A. bifasciatus and M. vesicularis was described.

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“…The meconium can often be clearly seen within the emptied host egg through the exit hole or by dissection if necessary. The morphological analysis of meconia has previously been proposed for species identification within the parasitoid guild of different agricultural and forest pests (Schmidd and Kitt 1994;Mirchev et al 2004;Sands and Liebregts 2005;El-Heneidy and Adly 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the meconia of European egg parasitoids of Halyomorpha halys

Peverieri¹,

Giovannini²,

Benvenuti³

et al. 2020

JHR

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Halyomorpha halys is a severe invasive Asian pest worldwide and classical biological control is foreseen as the most promising control method. Egg parasitoids appear to be the most important natural enemies of this pest, especially the Asian hymenopteran Trissolcus japonicus. In the invaded areas, only a few egg parasitoid species have been able to adopt H. halys as a host. Anastatus bifasciatus is the most common native egg parasitoid of H. halys in Europe, but reaches only low levels of parasitization, while several other native species are only occasionally found. Recently, adventive populations have been found both in the USA and in Europe of T. japonicus, and in Italy of a second Asian species, Trissolcus mitsukurii. Species identification based on morphological traits by specialists or by molecular analysis is a crucial step in the management of biological control programs. The ability to identify the genus or species within a narrow guild of egg parasitoids based on adult emergence holes and meconium features can be a simple and useful method to support management efforts. We present here detailed descriptions of the meconium of the most frequent parasitoid species attacking H. halys in Europe and the characteristics of their emergence holes of the adult wasps.

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Identification by meconia of two egg parasitoids ofThaumetopoea wilkinsoni

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Structure of egg‐batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula

Structure of egg‐batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula

Parasitism of egg‐batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in various regions of Bulgaria¹

Characteristics of the meconia of European egg parasitoids of Halyomorpha halys

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Identification by meconia of two egg parasitoids ofThaumetopoea wilkinsoni

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Structure of egg‐batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula

Structure of egg‐batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula

Parasitism of egg‐batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in various regions of Bulgaria1

Characteristics of the meconia of European egg parasitoids of Halyomorpha halys

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Parasitism of egg‐batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in various regions of Bulgaria¹