Identification, assessment and management of “endocrine disruptors” in wildlife in the EU substance legislation—Discussion paper from the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

Frische, Tobias; Bachmann, Jean; Frein, Daniel; Juffernholz, Tanja; Kehrer, Anja; Klein, Anita; Maack, Gerd; Stock, Frauke; Stolzenberg, Hans-Christian; Thierbach, Claudia; Walter-Rohde, Susanne

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.004

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…ecdysone mimics such as tebufenozide). Identification of EDCs has been given high priority in some developed countries [48] with the aim of restricting their use in view of the potential consequences for human health [49], even if the research needed to characterise and elucidate their impacts is lagging behind [50,51]. This is a case where regulation appears to have run ahead of scientific evidence, which in some cases is controversial [52].…”

Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Sánchez‐Bayo¹,

Tennekes²

2015

Toxicity and Hazard of Agrochemicals

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This chapter provides insights into the difficulties and challenges of performing risk evaluations of agrochemicals. It is a critical review of the current methodologies used in ecological risk assessment of these chemicals, not their risks to humans. After an introduction to the topic, the current framework for ecological risk assessment is outlined. Two types of assessments are typically carried out depending on the purpose: i) regulatory assessments for registration of a chemical product; and ii) ecological assessments, for the protection of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, which are usually site-specific. Although the general framework is well established, the methodologies used in each of the steps of the assessment are fraught with a number of shortcomings. Notwithstanding the subjectivity implicit in the evaluation of risks, there is scepticism in scientific circles about the appropriateness of the current methodologies because, after so many years of evaluations, we are still incapable of foreseeing the negative consequences that some agrochemicals have in the environment. A critical appraisal of such methodologies is imperative if we are to improve the current assessment process and fix the problems we face today. The chapter reviews first the toxicity assessment methods, pointing to the gaps in knowledge about this essential part of the process and suggesting avenues for further improvement. Deficiencies in the current regulations regarding toxicity testing are discussed, in particular the effect of the time factor on toxicity and the issue of complex mixtures.

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Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Sánchez‐Bayo¹,

Tennekes²

2015

Toxicity and Hazard of Agrochemicals

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“…Increasing the depth as well as the phylogenetic breadth of understanding of these pathways and mechanismsfrom early morphogenesis to adult morphology and from systemic to cell type-specific regulation -has the potential to offer new insights into the development of sex-specific characters. We anticipate that discoveries in this area will be applicable to biomedical [Barlow et al, 1999;Soto and Sonnenschein, 2010], evolutionary, and conservation-related problems [Colborn et al, 1993;Frische et al, 2013].…”

Section: Prospectusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of External Genitalia: Insights from Reptilian Development

Gredler¹,

Larkins²,

Leal³

et al. 2014

Sex Dev

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External genitalia are found in each of the major clades of amniotes. The phallus is an intromittent organ that functions to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract for internal fertilization. The cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms of external genital development have begun to be elucidated from studies of the mouse genital tubercle, an embryonic appendage adjacent to the cloaca that is the precursor of the penis and clitoris. Progress in this area has improved our understanding of genitourinary malformations, which are among the most common birth defects in humans, and created new opportunities for comparative studies of other taxa. External genitalia evolve rapidly, which has led to a striking diversity of anatomical forms. Within the past year, studies of external genital development in non-mammalian amniotes, including birds, lizards, snakes, alligators, and turtles, have begun to shed light on the molecular and morphogenetic mechanisms underlying the diversification of phallus morphology. Here, we review recent progress in the comparative developmental biology of external genitalia and discuss the implications of this work for understanding external genital evolution. We address the question of the deep homology (shared common ancestry) of genital structures and of developmental mechanisms, and identify new areas of investigation that can be pursued by taking a comparative approach to studying development of the external genitalia. We propose an evolutionary interpretation of hypospadias, a congenital malformation of the urethra, and discuss how investigations of non-mammalian species can provide novel perspectives on human pathologies.

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“…The UBA believes that the cut-off criteria are in principle well suited to improve the protection of the environment against particularly hazardous PPPs. Because of this conviction and in accordance with its responsibilities, UBA is also involved in the discussion about the specification and implementation of the cut-off criteria [ 51 , 52 ]. One particular challenge is that it is not always clear from an environmental point of view whether an alternative active substance really is better than the banned active substance it is meant to replace.…”

Section: -Point Programme For Sustainable Plant Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Point programme for sustainable plant protection

et al. 2018

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This position paper intends to stimulate a profound rethinking of contemporary agricultural practice. We criticise the current intensity of chemical plant protection in Germany as ecologically unsustainable and thus threatening the achievement of key targets of environmental protection and nature conservation policies. In the first part of the paper, we provide background information on the use of plant protection products (PPP) in German agriculture, the role of agricultural policy, European pesticide legislation, the principles of and framework for environmental risk assessment and risk management of PPP, as well as environmental effects of PPP. The second part is presented against the backdrop of the European “Sustainable Use Directive” (2009/128/EC). This directive requires that “Member States shall adopt National Action Plans to set up their quantitative objectives, targets, measures, and timetables to reduce risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment and to encourage the development and introduction of integrated pest management and of alternative approaches or techniques to reduce dependency on the use of pesticides.” Reflecting on the corresponding debate in Germany, we suggest the following five key principles for a sustainable use of PPP and provide recommendations for their implementation: (1) minimising use; (2) identifying, quantifying, and communicating risks; (3) optimising risk management; (4) compensating for unavoidable effects; (5) internalising external costs.

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Identification, assessment and management of “endocrine disruptors” in wildlife in the EU substance legislation—Discussion paper from the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Evolution of External Genitalia: Insights from Reptilian Development

5-Point programme for sustainable plant protection

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