Identification and validation of potential flood hazard area using GIS‐based multi‐criteria analysis and satellite data‐derived water index

Abstract

This article identifies potential flood hazard areas through multi-criteria analysis in Allahabad district, India. The study has incorporated eight criteria, namely, flow accumulation, draining capability, elevation, groundwater depth, land use, runoff coefficient, slope, and geology for preparing hazard index. The weights of the criteria were obtained through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method based on their relative importance for occurring floods. Finally, a flood hazard index (FHI) was prepared by combining the parameter ratings and corresponding weights. The credibility of the present methodology was tested through validation with the satellite-based inundation map of August 20, 2016. A normalized difference water index (NDWI) was prepared from Landsat-8 OLI data and the inundated area was delineated by a binary classification of NDWI based on a threshold calculated following Otsu's method. The analysis found 81% of inundation is associated with high to very high flood hazard zones. Agricultural land is more prone to flood than other land use types. The results showed that the GIS-based multi-criteria analysis framework could be effectively applied for flood hazard analysis to support decision making in disaster management. K E Y W O R D S analytical hierarchy process, flood hazard index, GIS, Landsat-8 OLI, normalized difference water index 1 | INTRODUCTION Flooding is one of the most recurring and devastating natural hazards that threaten society from its immense impacts on human lives and socioeconomic conditions (Qi & Altinakar, 2011). The effects of floods are severely felt in developing countries (like India), in particular by the local rural community. Flooding problems, regardless of

Newspapers as a validation proxy for GIS modeling in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates: identifying flood-prone areas

“…Geology has the lowest weight, and this may be due the steep nature of the area, where water drains very fast toward the sea and hence has a low chance of percolating down. A study by Dash and Sar (2020) also concluded that geology is the least significant factor in flood generation. The weights of the factors and sub-factors (Table 9) were used to generate the potential flood map.…”

“…Due to these advantages, AHP is used in GIS to improve decision-making processes (Estoque 2012;Samanta et al 2016). Substantial research has been conducted on the combination of AHP and GIS for flood studies (Dash and Sar 2020;Kazakis et al 2015;Ouma and Tateishi 2014;Papaioannou et al 2015;Stefanidis and Stathis 2013).…”

An Overview of Flood Risk Analysis Methods

“…Following a detailed analysis of each region, we found that the most researched areas were: the United States, representing 13.19% of the total articles analyzed and 71.72% of the articles located in North America [47][48][49]; the United Kingdom, with 90 articles representing 17.92% of the articles in Europe and 6.78% of the total papers [50][51][52]; Italy and Spain, accounting for 5.27% of the entire articles and 13.94% of the scientific papers published in Europe, respectively [53][54][55]; and China, accounting for 5.27% of the total articles and 20.11% of the articles in Asia [56][57][58]. A significant percentage of publications also came from India, representing 16.6% of all Asian scientific articles and 4.37% of the total publications [59][60][61]. The latest analysis of publications showed us that the papers that have China and India as their study area are increasingly numerous.…”

Integrated Multi-parametric Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) based Spatial modelling for Flood and Water logging Susceptibility Mapping: A case study of English Bazar Municipality of Malda, West Bengal, India

“…Flow accumulation is considered a relevant parameter of water logging which defines the cumulative flow downslope as well as reflects the ability to drain out excess rain water (Dash and Sar, 2020). As a significant part of the low-lying area within municipality is waterlogged due to insufficiency in water outflow, a raster flow accumulation map (Fig.…”

“…Being a quasi-natural manifestation of lowlands, flood and water logging are observed throughout the country (Bowonder et 30 al., 1986) viz. Uttar Pradesh (Dwivedi, 1994); (Dash and Sar, 2020); Andhra Pradesh (Choubey, 1998); Gangetic West Bengal (Sanyal and Lu, 2005); (Sanyal and Lu, 2006); Indo Gangetic plain (Pandey et al, 2010); Karnataka, India (Ritzema et al, 2008); as well as the developing world Jiangsu, China (Huang et al, 2018); Ethiopia (Getahun and Gebre, 2015) and therefore is regarded as a global issue. Moreover, floods in urban areas intensify with the increase of impervious surfaces, which eventually cause changes in run-off conveyance network (Dewan, 2013).…”