Identification and validation of genomic regions influencing kernel zinc and iron in maize

Vemuri, Hindu; Palacios-Rojas, Natalia; Babu, Raman; Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi; Rashid, Zerka; Usha, R.; Saykhedkar, Gajanan; Nair, Sudha

doi:10.1007/s00122-018-3089-3

Cited by 97 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Hindu et al. () identified the significant genomic regions in maize for kernel Zn and Fe concentrations using GWAS on 923 maize lines, followed by validation in bi‐parental populations. GWAS identified 20 SNPs significantly associated with kernel Zn concentration, and 26 SNPs were significantly associated with Fe concentration.…”

Section: Strategies For Zn Biofortification Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, bi‐parental populations revealed that 11 SNPs for Zn and 11 SNPs for Fe have significant effects on the variance of these traits. These findings are very useful for mineral biofortification of maize and may also facilitate the cloning of important genes in the background of these traits (Hindu et al., ).…”

Section: Strategies For Zn Biofortification Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…GWAS examine the genomic variation and identify that variant is either associated with trait of interest or not. Hindu et al (2018) (Velu et al, 2016). Similar GS models could also be adopted in maize for estimating the breeding value of genotypes for accelerating the genetic gains for mineral biofortification.…”

Section: Improving Kernel Zinc Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, bi-parental populations revealed that 11 SNPs for Zn and 11 SNPs for Fe have significant effects on the variance of these traits. These findings are very useful for mineral biofortification of maize and may also facilitate the cloning of important genes in the background of these traits(Hindu et al, 2018).Marker-assisted selection is a suitable approach for introgression of loci with major effects. However, attempts to improve the crop plants for complex quantitative traits through QTL-associated markers were rendered ineffective due to QTL × environment interactions, minor QTL effects and difference in the genetic backgrounds(Bernardo, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Zinc biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.): Status and challenges

Maqbool¹,

Beshir²

2018

Plant Breeding

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Zn deficiency is one of the leading health problems in children and women of developing countries. Different interventions could be used to overcome malnutrition, but biofortification is most impactful, convenient, sustainable and acceptable intervention. Maize is one of the major crops grown and consumed in the regions with prevalent Zn malnutrition; therefore, this is suitable target for Zn biofortification. Zn biofortification of maize could be achieved through agronomic and genetic approaches. Discussion of agronomic approaches with genetic approaches is prerequisite because soils in developing countries are deficit of Zn and availability of Zn in soils is mandatory for estimating the genetic responses of maize genotypes through genetic approaches. Seed priming, foliar and soil applications are agronomic tools for biofortification, but solo and combined applications of these treatments have different effects on Zn enrichment. Genetic approaches include the increase of Zn bioavailability or increase of kernel Zn concentration. Zn bioavailability could be increased by reducing the anti‐nutritional factors or by increasing the bioavailability enhancers. Kernel Zn concentration could be improved through hybridization and selections, whereas genetically engineered attempts for improving Zn uptake from soil, loading in xylem, remobilization in grains and sequestration in endosperm can further improve the kernel Zn concentration. Key challenges associated with dissemination of Zn biofortified maize are also under discussion in this draft. Current review emphasized all of above‐mentioned contents to provide roadmap for the development of Zn biofortified maize genotypes to curb the global Zn malnutrition.

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Section: Strategies For Zn Biofortification Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies For Zn Biofortification Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improving Kernel Zinc Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Zinc biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.): Status and challenges

Maqbool¹,

Beshir²

2018

Plant Breeding

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“…These correlations are influenced by environmental and genetic factors and might be attributable to linkage or pleiotropic effects of genes. The genetic factors include several genes that encrypt metal transporter proteins in maize inbred lines, or the presence of common transporters for several minerals (Qin et al, 2012;Hindu et al, 2018). Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Fe and Zn in maize are present on the same chromosome arm, which suggests that simultaneous improvement of Fe and Zn contents is possible (Qin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Correlations Between Grain Iron and Zinc And Maize Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and Zinc in Maize in the Developing World: Deficiency, Availability, and Breeding

et al. 2018

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal in the world and the most important food security crop in sub‐Saharan Africa. Maize provides energy and micronutrients. Deficiencies of the essential micronutrients Zn and Fe are fifth and sixth ranked among the top 10 most important risk factors for conditions such as anemia, low cognitive functioning, and impaired immune system (Fe deficiency) and diarrhea, skin inflammation, and recurrent infections (Zn deficiency) in humans, affecting more than two billion people worldwide. Poverty, lack of access to balanced diets and awareness, and low phytoavailability and bioavailability of these nutrients are major reasons for deficiencies. Breeding for mineral‐rich maize is a sustainable and cost‐effective approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Since 2004, there has been significant progress in improving maize for Zn content. The aim of this review was to capture recent developments, trends, and progress in maize Fe and Zn biofortification and to identify challenges and ways to overcome them. HarvestPlus has set target levels for Fe (60 μg g−1) and Zn (38 μg g−1) in maize. Zinc target levels have been reached, but conventional breeding alone cannot enhance Fe to the recommended levels. Techniques such as oligo‐directed mutagenesis, reverse breeding, RNA‐directed DNA methylation, and gene editing could be used in future to speed up maize Fe biofortification. Additional research is required on Fe and Zn bioavailability in maize products, and on interactions of Fe and Zn with Ca and phytate and their influence on absorption, to better understand the underlying mechanisms.

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Predicting zinc‐enhanced maize hybrid performance under stress conditions

Matongera

Ndhlela²,

Biljon

et al. 2023

Food and Energy Security

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The low yield potential of most biofortified maize is a barrier to its full adoption and reduces its potential to curb various macro‐ and micronutrient deficiencies highly prevalent in low‐income regions of the world, such as sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). By crossing biofortified inbred lines with different nutritional attributes such as zinc (Zn), provitamin A and protein quality, breeders are attempting to develop agronomically superior and stable multi‐nutrient maize of different genetic backgrounds. A key question, however, is the relationship between the biofortified inbred lines per se and hybrid performance under stress and non‐stress conditions. In this study, inbred line per se and testcross performance were evaluated for grain yield and secondary traits of Zn‐enhanced normal, provitamin A and quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids and estimated heterosis under combined heat and drought (HMDS) and well‐watered (WW) conditions. Responses of all secondary traits, except for the number of days to mid‐anthesis, significantly differed for HMDS and WW conditions. The contribution of heterosis to grain yield was highly significant under both management levels, although higher mid and high‐parent heterosis was observed under WW than HMDS conditions. However, the findings suggest that inbred line performance was the best determinant of hybrid performance under HMDS. Strong correlations were observed between grain yield and secondary traits for both parents and hybrids, and between secondary traits of inbred lines and hybrids under both management levels, indicating that hybrid performance can be predicted based on intrinsic inbred line performance. Phenotypic correlation between grain yield of inbred lines and hybrids was higher under HMDS than WW conditions. This study demonstrated that under HMDS conditions, performance of Zn‐enhanced hybrids could be predicted based on the performance of their corresponding inbred lines. However, the parental inbred lines should be systematically selected for desirable secondary traits correlated with HMDS tolerance during inbred line development.

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Identification and validation of genomic regions influencing kernel zinc and iron in maize

Cited by 97 publications

References 78 publications

Zinc biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.): Status and challenges

Zinc biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.): Status and challenges

Iron and Zinc in Maize in the Developing World: Deficiency, Availability, and Breeding

Predicting zinc‐enhanced maize hybrid performance under stress conditions

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