Identification and synthesis of the sex pheromone of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus

Development of an Attractant-Baited Trap for Oxythyrea funesta Poda (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

“…The second component of the O. funesta attractant in the present study, (ð)-lavandulol, is the pheromone component of Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Innocenzi et al, 2001) and Planococcus ficus Signoret (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) (Hinkens et al, 2001).…”

Demographic Analysis of Delayed Mating in Mating Disruption: - a Case Study with <I>Cryptophelbia illepida</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…This control strategy significantly reduced the use of insecticides and improved the quality of life in the grape-growing areas (Ioriatti et al 2011). The sex pheromone of P. ficus has been recently identified as (S)-(þ)-lavandulyl senecioate and commercially produced in its racemic form (Hinkens et al 2001). The synthetic pheromone has been used to develop monitoring protocols (Millar et al 2002) and a mating disruption program in California using a sprayable microencapsulated formulation (Walton et al 2006).…”

Vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae ), a Key Pest in South African vineyards. A Review

“…Pheromone-baited lures were found to be attractive to male P. ficus for up to 12 weeks, with an effective range of 50 m (Hinkens et al, 2001). The number of P. ficus males caught in pheromone-baited traps was positively correlated to female mealybug infestation levels, determined using physical sampling methods .…”

“…Males were characterised by having long filamentous anal setae and no mouthparts (Kriegler 1954). The adult female started releasing pheromones at sexual maturity, attracting adult males for copulation (Hinkens et al, 2001). Subsequent to copulation there was a pre-oviposition period, after which the female laid eggs in an egg sac made up of 4mm Duso et al (1985), who indicated that the optimum temperatures ranged from 23°C to 27°C.…”