Identification and sequence analysis of the genes encoding a polyketide synthase required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5

Nowak-Thompson, Brian; Gould, Steven J.; Loper, Joyce E.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00501-5

Cited by 72 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…One domain could be non-functional, as observed for modification domains in various PKSs (Aparicio et al, 1996 ;Nowak-Thompson et al, 1997 ;Tang et al, 1998). Selection between ACP2 and ACP3 could depend on which has been loaded with an appropriate acyl group by a separate AT enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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A multifunctional polyketide–peptide synthetase essential for albicidin biosynthesis in Xanthomonas albilineans The GenBank accession number for the sequence determined in this work is AF239749.

2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This is interesting in the context of the apparent aromatic structure of albicidin. Although most aromatic polyketides are synthesized by iterative type I or type II PKSs (Shen, 2000), there is an example of synthesis by a non-iterative type I PKS in the case of pyoluteorin in Pseudomonas fluorescens (Nowak-Thompson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multifunctional polyketide–peptide synthetase essential for albicidin biosynthesis in Xanthomonas albilineans The GenBank accession number for the sequence determined in this work is AF239749.

2001

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“…Pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol ( Fig. 1) are synthesized by polyketide synthase complexes (4,42,44) and are secreted from cells of Pf-5. The focus of this research is pyoluteorin, a chlorinated polyketide compound (3) that suppresses the oomycete Pythium ultimum, a seed-and rootrotting pathogen (24,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this research is pyoluteorin, a chlorinated polyketide compound (3) that suppresses the oomycete Pythium ultimum, a seed-and rootrotting pathogen (24,37). Pyoluteorin production is conferred by a biosynthetic gene cluster encompassing nine structural genes whose predicted functions are sufficient for the biochemical transformations required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis from acetate and proline precursors (11,42,44). Also within the pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster is pltR, which encodes a LysR transcriptional regulator and is required for transcription of pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes and resultant pyoluteorin production (42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Positive Autoregulation and Signaling Properties of Pyoluteorin, an Antibiotic Produced by the Biological Control Organism Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5

Brodhagen

Henkels

Loper

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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102

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Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5, a rhizosphere bacterium, produces a suite of secondary metabolites that are toxic to seed-and root-rotting plant pathogens. Among these are the polyketide compounds pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. We provide evidence that pyoluteorin production is influenced by positive autoregulation. Addition of pyoluteorin to liquid cultures of Pf-5 enhanced pyoluteorin production. In addition, pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol mutually inhibit one another's production in Pf-5. For pyoluteorin, both positive autoregulation and negative influences on production by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol were demonstrated at the transcriptional level by measuring activity from transcriptional fusions of an ice nucleation reporter gene (inaZ) to three separate pyoluteorin biosynthetic genes. The occurrence of pyoluteorin autoregulation in the rhizosphere was assessed on cucumber seedlings in pasteurized soil with cross-feeding experiments. In the rhizosphere, expression of a pyoluteorin biosynthesis gene by a pyoluteorin-deficient mutant of Pf-5 was enhanced by pyoluteorin produced by coinoculated cells of Pf-5. These data establish that the polyketide pyoluteorin is an autoregulatory compound and functions as a signal molecule influencing the spectrum of secondary metabolites produced by the bacterial cell.

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“…The pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster contains nine structural genes that are required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis (32,33) and two genes that encode transcriptional regulators. pltR encodes a LysR-type transcriptional activator required for pyoluteorin production and the transcription of pyoluteorin biosynthetic genes (32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Regulation of Pyoluteorin Production with Membrane Transporter Gene Expression in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5

Brodhagen

Paulsen²,

Loper

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pyoluteorin is a chlorinated polyketide antibiotic secreted by the rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Genes encoding enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in pyoluteorin production are clustered in the genome of Pf-5. Sequence analysis of genes adjacent to the known pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster revealed the presence of an ABC transporter system. We disrupted two putative ABC transporter genes by inserting transcriptional fusions to an ice nucleation reporter gene. Mutations in pltI and pltJ, which are predicted to encode a membrane fusion protein and an ATP-binding cassette of the ABC transporter, respectively, greatly reduced pyoluteorin production by Pf-5. During the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase, populations of a pltI mutant were lower than those of a pltI ؉ strain in a culture medium containing pyoluteorin, suggesting a role for the transport system in efflux and the resistance of Pf-5 to the antibiotic. Although pltI or pltJ mutant strains displayed low pyoluteorin production, they did not accumulate proportionately more of the antibiotic intracellularly, indicating that pltI and pltJ do not encode an exclusive exporter for pyoluteorin. Transcription of the putative pyoluteorin efflux genes pltI and pltJ was enhanced by exogenous pyoluteorin. These new observations parallel an earlier finding that pyoluteorin enhances the transcription of pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes and pyoluteorin production in Pf-5. This report provides evidence of a coordination of pyoluteorin production and the transcription of genes encoding a linked transport apparatus, wherein each requires the other for optimal expression.Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 is a rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium that suppresses soilborne plant diseases, in part by producing a spectrum of antibiotics that are toxic to plant pathogens. The antibiotics produced by Pf-5 include pyrrolnitrin, a chlorinated aromatic compound, and two polyketides, pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Pyoluteorin, the focus of the present study, is toxic to seed-and root-rotting oomycetes (19, 28) and certain gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (2).The pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster contains nine structural genes that are required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis (32, 33) and two genes that encode transcriptional regulators. pltR encodes a LysR-type transcriptional activator required for pyoluteorin production and the transcription of pyoluteorin biosynthetic genes (32). A second regulator linked to the pyoluteorin biosynthesis gene cluster, pltZ, was recently described for Pseudomonas sp. strain M18 (20). PltZ, a member of the TetR family of transcriptional repressors, inhibits pyoluteorin production and the expression of a pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene (20).In addition to its established extracellular role as an antibiotic, pyoluteorin was recently shown to function as an autoinducer, enhancing pyoluteorin production and biosynthetic gene expression by Pf-5 (7). Furthermore, pyoluteorin serves as an in...

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Identification and sequence analysis of the genes encoding a polyketide synthase required for pyoluteorin biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

A multifunctional polyketide–peptide synthetase essential for albicidin biosynthesis in Xanthomonas albilineans The GenBank accession number for the sequence determined in this work is AF239749.

A multifunctional polyketide–peptide synthetase essential for albicidin biosynthesis in Xanthomonas albilineans The GenBank accession number for the sequence determined in this work is AF239749.

Positive Autoregulation and Signaling Properties of Pyoluteorin, an Antibiotic Produced by the Biological Control Organism Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5

Reciprocal Regulation of Pyoluteorin Production with Membrane Transporter Gene Expression in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5

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