Identification and Regulation of Rat Squalene Synthetase mRNA

Keller, R. Kennedy; Cannons, Andrew C.; Vilsaint, F.; Zhao, Zhihong; Ness, Gene C.

doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1215

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, recent success in the isolation of the yeast squalene synthase gene using a complementation of the erg9 mutant 39 and the isolation of mammalian squalene synthase clones using degenerate oligonucleotide probes to empirically determined amino acid sequence 40 have provided alternative means for obtaining the plant squalene synthase cDNA. Subsequent reports by Jiang et al 41 and Keller et al 42 have presented convincing evidence that the mammalian squalene synthase genes are regulated by their transcription rate in response to exogenous sterols and inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis. We also recognized this possibility in comparison of the yeast 39 and rat 40a sequences.…”

Section: Molecular Biology Of Terpene Cyclases and Squalene Syntmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: Carbon Partitioning Within the Cytoplasmic Pathway

Newman¹,

Chappell²

1999

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

223

107

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Section: Molecular Biology Of Terpene Cyclases and Squalene Syntmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: Carbon Partitioning Within the Cytoplasmic Pathway

Newman¹,

Chappell²

1999

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

223

107

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“…However, work on the mammalian squalene synthetase gene has indicated that the genes are regulated by their transcription rate in response to exogeneous sterols and inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis 52. 53 In contrast, in tobacco it has been shown that squalene synthetase mRNA levels are not altered in cells that have been treated with elicitors 38. This suggests that there is some sort of post‐translational control of the enzyme activity.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Sterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant sterols: biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition

Piironen

Lindsay

Miettinen

et al. 2000

J. Sci. Food Agric.

834

291

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Plant sterols are an essential component of the membranes of all eukaryotic organisms. They are either synthesised de novo or taken up from the environment. Their function appears to be to control membrane fluidity and permeability, although some plant sterols have a specific function in signal transduction. The phytosterols are products of the isoprenoid pathway. The dedicated pathway to sterol synthesis in photosynthetic plants occurs at the squalene stage through the activity of squalene synthetase. Although the activity of 3‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐glutaryl coenzyme A (HGMR) is rate‐limiting in the synthesis of cholesterol, this does not appear to be the case with the plant sterols. Up‐regulation of HGMR appears to increase the biosynthesis of cycloartenol but not the Δ5‐sterols. A decline in sterol synthesis is associated with a suppression of squalene synthetase activity, which is probably a critical point in controlling carbon flow and end‐product formation. The major post‐squalene biosynthetic pathway is regulated by critical rate‐limiting steps such as the methylation of cycloartenol into cycloeucalenol. Little is known about the factors controlling the biosynthesis of the end‐point sterol esters or stanols. The commonly consumed plant sterols are sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol which are predominantly supplied by vegetable oils. The oils are a rich source of the steryl esters. Less important sources of sterols are cereals, nuts and vegetables. The nutritional interest derives from the fact that the sterols have a similar structure to cholesterol, and have the capacity to lower plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Since the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease have been dramatically reduced using cholesterol‐lowering drugs (statins), the interest in plant sterols lies in their potential to act as a natural preventive dietary product. Stanols (saturated at C‐5) occur in low amounts in the diet and are equally effective in lowering plasma cholesterol and do not cause an increase in plasma levels, unlike the sterols which can be detected in plasma. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…successfully expressed in E. coli and substantial In the presence of an exogenous source of sterol, rat (4) amounts of SS enzyme purified from SF-9 insect cells and human (5) SS mRNA levels decrease 60 to 95%, infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the respectively. The HMGR enzyme activity inhibitor lo-HSS cDNA (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This regulation of SS, tially purified from cell suspension cultures (22). Rehowever, seems to be secondary to that of HMGR in cent studies of plant SS have not dealt with the purifiterms of absolute changes in enzyme activities or cation of the protein, but rather the characterization mRNA levels (4,5,7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Squalene Synthase and Regulation in Response to Fungal Elicitor

Devarenne

Shin

Back

et al. 1998

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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Identification and Regulation of Rat Squalene Synthetase mRNA

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: Carbon Partitioning Within the Cytoplasmic Pathway

Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: Carbon Partitioning Within the Cytoplasmic Pathway

Plant sterols: biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition

Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Squalene Synthase and Regulation in Response to Fungal Elicitor

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