Identification and Quantification of Several Contaminated Compounds in Replacement Liquids of Electronic Cigarettes by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Oh, Jin-Aa; Shin, Ho‐Sang

doi:10.1093/chromsci/bmu146

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…148,150,151,155 Although several potentially toxic constituents have been measured in some ENDS liquid and vapor, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, heavy metals, and carbonyls (i.e., formaldehyde, acrolein, aldehydes), there are much fewer total constituents at much lower or trace levels when ENDS are used as intended, in non-“dry puff” conditions, than levels observed in smoke. 111,113,117–120,123,125,131,134–138,144,146,148,150,151,154,157–159,161,162 …”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

418

332

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Context Rapid developments in e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and the evolution of the overall tobacco product marketplace warrant frequent evaluation of the published literature. The purpose of this article is to report updated findings from a comprehensive review of the published scientific literature on ENDS. Evidence acquisition The authors conducted a systematic review of published empirical research literature on ENDS through May 31, 2016, using a detailed search strategy in the PubMed electronic database, expert review, and additional targeted searches. Included studies presented empirical findings and were coded to at least one of nine topics: (1) Product Features; (2) Health Effects; (3) Consumer Perceptions; (4) Patterns of Use; (5) Potential to Induce Dependence; (6) Smoking Cessation; (7) Marketing and Communication; (8) Sales; and (9) Policies; reviews and commentaries were excluded. Data from included studies were extracted by multiple coders (October 2015 to August 2016) into a standardized form and synthesized qualitatively by topic. Evidence synthesis There were 686 articles included in this systematic review. The majority of studies assessed patterns of ENDS use and consumer perceptions of ENDS, followed by studies examining health effects of vaping and product features. Conclusions Studies indicate that ENDS are increasing in use, particularly among current smokers, pose substantially less harm to smokers than cigarettes, are being used to reduce/quit smoking, and are widely available. More longitudinal studies and controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of ENDS on population-level tobacco use and determine the health effects of longer-term vaping.

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Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

418

332

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…9 Analyses of e-liquids show the presence of high concentrations of tobacco alkaloids, a variety of flavoring agents, common plasticizers (diethyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate), tri-, tetra-, and penta-ethylene glycol, and ethylene glycol. [12][13][14] The flavoring additives used in e-liquids were not originally developed for inhalation or tested for toxicity via this exposure route, and the impact of heating on chemical composition is unknown. Additionally, the influence of high temperature and resulting chemical reactions of e-liquid components that are in direct contact with the heated wire have not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis

Mikheev

Brinkman

Granville

et al. 2016

NICTOB

158

140

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Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing worldwide and is highest among both daily and nondaily smokers. E-cigarettes are perceived as a healthier alternative to combustible tobacco products, but their health risk factors have not yet been established, and one of them is lack of data on aerosol size generated by e-cigarettes. Methods: We applied a real-time, high-resolution aerosol differential mobility spectrometer to monitor the evolution of aerosol size and concentration during puff development. Particles generated by e-cigarettes were immediately delivered for analysis with minimal dilution and therefore with minimal sample distortion, which is critically important given the highly dynamic aerosol/ vapor mixture inherent to e-cigarette emissions.Results: E-cigarette aerosols normally exhibit a bimodal particle size distribution: nanoparticles (11-25 nm count median diameter) and submicron particles (96-175 nm count median diameter). Each mode has comparable number concentrations (10 7 -10 8 particles/cm 3 ). "Dry puff" tests conducted with no e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) present in the e-cigarette tank demonstrated that under these conditions only nanoparticles were generated. Analysis of the bulk aerosol collected on the filter showed that e-cigarette emissions contained a variety of metals.Conclusions: E-cigarette aerosol size distribution is different from that of combustible tobacco smoke. E-cigarettes generate high concentrations of nanoparticles and their chemical content requires further investigation. Despite the small mass of nanoparticles, their toxicological impact could be significant. Toxic chemicals that are attached to the small nanoparticles may have greater adverse health effects than when attached to larger submicron particles. Implications: The e-cigarette aerosol size distribution is different from that of combustible tobacco smoke and typically exhibits a bimodal behavior with comparable number concentrations of nanoparticles and submicron particles. While vaping the e-cigarette, along with submicron particles the user is also inhaling nano-aerosol that consists of nanoparticles with attached chemicals that has not been fully investigated. The presence of high concentrations of nanoparticles requires nanotoxicological consideration in order to assess the potential health impact of e-cigarettes. The toxicological impact of inhaled nanoparticles could be significant, though not necessarily similar to the biomarkers typical of combustible tobacco smoke.

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“…Other relevant compounds are diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DHEP). They probably develop from the e-liquid package in the production process and have serious adverse effects on health (42,43).…”

Section: Chemical Compounds Found In Ecigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes: Genetic and epigenetic impact (Review)

et al. 2021

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Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are electronic devices that heat and vaporize a solution that usually contains a mixture of glycerol, propylene glycol, water, flavors and various concentrations of nicotine. ECIGs have 3 key components: A power source, a cartridge containing an atomizer along with a liquid solution and a mouthpiece. The solution (often known as e-liquid or e-juice) is heated into an aerosol inhaled by the user. Smoking conventional cigarettes is considered a determinant factor in the development of chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and reproductive system dysfunctions. Conventional smoking also causes genome damage and alteration of the transcriptome, due to the amounts of noxious substances emitted during the combustion of these products. Recently, cigarette consumers have begun to use ECIGs as a replacement or substitute practice to help them quit smoking. In addition, an increase in the use of ECIGs and similar devices by young individuals has been reported, which is unsurprising due to the unregulated distribution and sale of these products. The present review article describes and discusses the impact and the noxious effects of substances in ECIGs and other nicotine administration systems on DNA structure, gene expression profile, and epigenetic modification, focusing on the respiratory system and embryonic development.

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Identification and Quantification of Several Contaminated Compounds in Replacement Liquids of Electronic Cigarettes by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis

Electronic cigarettes: Genetic and epigenetic impact (Review)

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