Identification and quantification of phospholipids in strawberry seeds and pulp (Fragaria × ananassa cv San Andreas) by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

An extensive characterization and quantification of intact phospholipids (PLs) in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv San Andreas) seed and pulp was carried out by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to either Fourier-transform (FT) orbital-trap or linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (LIT-MS/MS). More than 150 intact polar lipids including phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), phosphatidic acids (PAs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) were identified in negative ESI mode. PC

Lipidomics of the Edible Brown Alga Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Indeed, although the generation of carboxylate anions from fatty acyl chains is known to be the main fragmentation route [ 46 ], the relative intensity of those ions strongly depends on experimental conditions [ 47 ], thus it cannot be exploited for a reliable regiochemical assignment of PL. On the other hand, the acquisition of CID-MS/MS spectra based on the linear ion trap leads to the detection of several intense product ions closely related to acyl chains, namely those resulting from their neutral losses as fatty acids or as ketenes [ 48 ]. Taking advantage of the seminal work on PL by Hsu and Turk [ 43 ], accomplished using triple quadrupole instruments, it was recognized that the loss as ketene of acyl chains from PC precursor ions (chiefly the [M-CH 3 ] − ones, where M is the zwitterionic form of PC) occurs preferentially from the sn -2 position of glycerol.…”

Comprehensive profiling of Platycodonis radix in different growing regions using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: from metabolome and lipidome aspects

“…Since the detachment of fatty acyl moieties attached at sn-2 position was more favored than that in sn-1 (ref. 24 ) and to obtain corresponded FA or ketene, 32 m / z 671.47 was inferred to be PA 16:0/18:2. The most abundant PA at m/z 671.47 (PA 16:0/18:2), 695.47 (PA 18:2/18:2) and 652.59 (PA 18:2/18:3) were those lipids containing FA 16:0, FA 18:2 and FA 18:3 acyl chains.…”

HILIC‐ESI‐MS analysis of phosphatidic acid methyl esters artificially generated during lipid extraction from microgreen crops

“…Among LC techniques, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is known to provide a class‐related separation of amphiphilic lipid molecules, such as glycerolipids (GL), glycerophospholipids (GPLs) and sphingolipids (SL) 11,12 . This feature, readily confirmed also in the context of plant lipidomics, 13 has been extensively exploited in our laboratory for the systematic characterization of complex lipid mixtures, including those obtained from edible fruits produced from different plants 14–17 …”

“…11,12 This feature, readily confirmed also in the context of plant lipidomics, 13 has been extensively exploited in our laboratory for the systematic characterization of complex lipid mixtures, including those obtained from edible fruits produced from different plants. [14][15][16][17] Recently, our attention was focused on lipids produced by microgreens, that is, immature greens, rich in micronutrients and bioactive compounds, produced from the seeds of vegetables and generally harvested at soil level until the appearance of the first pair of true leaves, when cotyledons are fully expanded and still turgid. [18][19][20] Specifically, lipids were extracted from microgreens of chia, soy, flax, sunflower and rapeseed, using a modified version of the Bligh and Dyer protocol.…”