Identification and Quantification of Bovine Digital Dermatitis-Associated Microbiota across Lesion Stages in Feedlot Beef Cattle

Caddey, Ben; Orsel, Karin; Naushad, Sohail; Derakhshani, Hooman; Buck, Jeroen De

doi:10.1128/msystems.00708-21

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…T. medium, T. pedis, and T. phagedenis have consistently been found within TAHD lesions (2, 3) as well as within bovine DD lesions (2,3,15,31,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). Using species specific primers, one or more of these species were identified on inoculated foot swabs in at least one sampling timepoint (Table 2).…”

Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion Material From Treponema-Associated Hoof Disease of Wild Elk Induces Disease Pathology in the Sheep Digital Dermatitis Model

et al. 2022

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A hoof disease among wild elk (Cervus elaphus) in the western United States has been reported since 2008. Now present in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California, this hoof disease continues to spread among elk herds suggesting an infectious etiology. Causing severe lesions at the hoof-skin junction, lesions can penetrate the hoof-horn structure causing severe lameness, misshapen hooves, and in some cases, sloughed hooves leaving the elk prone to infection, malnutrition, and premature death. Isolated to the feet, this disease has been termed treponeme-associated hoof disease due to the numerous Treponema spp. found within lesions. In addition to the Treponema spp., treponeme-associated hoof disease shares many similarities with digital dermatitis of cattle and livestock including association with several groups of anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Clostridia, and Fusobacterium, neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, and restriction of the disease to the foot and hoof tissues. To determine if there was a transmissible infectious component to this disease syndrome, elk lesion homogenate was used in a sheep model of digital dermatitis. Ten animals were inoculated with lesion material and lesion development was followed over 7 weeks. Most inoculated feet developed moderate to severe lesions at 2- or 4-weeks post-inoculation timepoints, with 16 of 18 feet at 4 weeks also had spirochetes associated within the lesions. Histopathology demonstrated spirochetes at the invading edge of the lesions along with other hallmarks of elk hoof disease, neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrates, and keratinocyte erosion. Treponema-specific PCR demonstrated three phylotypes associated with elk hoof disease and digital dermatitis were present. Serum of infected sheep had increased anti-Treponema IgG when compared to negative control sheep and pre-exposure samples. Analysis of the bacterial microbiome by sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed a community structure in sheep lesions that was highly similar to the elk lesion homogenate used as inoculum. Bacteroidies, Fusobacterium, and Clostridia were among the bacterial taxa overrepresented in infected samples as compared to negative control samples. In conclusion, there is a highly transmissible, infectious bacterial component to elk treponeme-associated hoof disease which includes several species of Treponema as well as other bacteria previously associated with digital dermatitis.

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Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion Material From Treponema-Associated Hoof Disease of Wild Elk Induces Disease Pathology in the Sheep Digital Dermatitis Model

et al. 2022

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“…P. levii was detectable in all biopsy samples and warrants further investigation into its association with disease onset. Caddey et al [ 22 ] reported that early-stage DD lesions (M1) were associated with P. levii, which was detectable in 100% of the M1 lesion samples biopsied. Unlike in field studies, where DD lesions and their bacterial composition are studied throughout disease development our study identified DD at the beginning of the disease cycle and the corresponding bacteria could reflect the bacterial species present at disease onset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within both these groups there were no DD lesions present and the skin was intact. No biopsies were therefore taken as we know from our previous work the bacterial composition of non-DD biopsies [ 22 ]. Additionally, we did not want to compromise calf welfare any further by inflicting more pain and stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biopsies from donor beef heifers and IN-DD feet were processed in accordance with published methods [ 22 , 40 ]. Briefly, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from biopsy samples were purified with the Qiagen DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to manufacturer’s recommendations, then normalized to 10 ng/µl using Qubit dsDNA HS kit (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally accepted that DD is a polymicrobial, multifactorial infectious disease with the primary causative agents belonging to the bacterial group spirochetes, specifically Treponema spp. [ 22 – 24 ]. The exact aetiology of DD in dairy cattle is still unclear and attempts to induce DD in an infection model from pure cultures have largely failed [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental model to induce digital dermatitis in beef calves

et al. 2022

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Background Digital dermatitis (DD) is a multifactorial infectious disease affecting the skin on feet of cattle causing erosion and inflammation above the heel bulbs. Some cases of DD cause lameness and significantly impact animal welfare and productivity. While DD has emerged as a concern for the beef industry, key information regarding early detection and its impact on cattle behaviour is lacking. The primary objective of this study was to determine if an established DD experimental model for dairy calves could be used to induce DD lesions in beef calves. A secondary objective was to describe changes in behaviour and pain associated with induction of DD lesions. Eight beef calves acquired from a single cow-calf operator were enrolled in the study. Upon enrolment, calves were evaluated and determined to be free of foot lesions. Within the experimental environment, calves were housed in individual pens and assigned to two groups (mock-inoculated and inoculated). Both hind feet of each calf were enrolled. Within calf, inoculation protocol was consistent, and a 28-day experimental protocol was employed. Two days prior to inoculation, both hind feet of each calf were abraded (area above the heel bulbs and below the dewclaws), moistened, and wrapped to facilitate an anaerobic condition. Feet were inoculated with macerated DD lesion material or mock inoculum and remained wrapped until clinical signs of DD or protocol endpoint. Results After a period of 14 to 18 days post inoculation, three of five inoculated calves developed clinical signs (lameness), and upon close inspection, DD lesions were present on at least one hind foot. Two of five inoculated calves did not develop lesions within 28 days. Zero of three mock-inoculated calves developed DD. Treponema spp. were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction from biopsies of induced lesions. Measurements of behaviour prior to disease induction were numerically different between DD affected and mock-inoculated calves. Conclusions An experimental infection model established for dairy cattle was used to successfully induce acute DD lesions in three of five inoculated beef calves. This model can provide a framework to study intervention protocols and to evaluate the impact of DD on behaviour and pain.

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DNA extraction leads to bias in bacterial quantification by qPCR

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Muzny

et al. 2022

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Identification and Quantification of Bovine Digital Dermatitis-Associated Microbiota across Lesion Stages in Feedlot Beef Cattle

Abstract: Previous work, primarily in dairy cattle, has identified various taxa associated with digital dermatitis (DD) lesions. However, there is a significant gap in our knowledge of DD microbiology in beef cattle.

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Lesion Material From Treponema-Associated Hoof Disease of Wild Elk Induces Disease Pathology in the Sheep Digital Dermatitis Model

Lesion Material From Treponema-Associated Hoof Disease of Wild Elk Induces Disease Pathology in the Sheep Digital Dermatitis Model

An experimental model to induce digital dermatitis in beef calves

DNA extraction leads to bias in bacterial quantification by qPCR

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