Identification and quantification of alkene-based drilling fluids in crude oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection

Sustained deposition of contaminants from the Deepwater Horizon spill

“…4) exhibited a dominance of C 16 and C 18 (Fig. 5), identified by the 2D gas chromatograph (GC×GC) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, which unambiguously traces olefins stemming from drilling mud (49,50). These olefins fell below the detection limit in 2011.…”

Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

“…Admittedly, the dinaphthenes were less ordered than the linear and mononaphthenic alkanes, presumably because of the increasing number of isomers present (5-and 6-membered naphthenic rings and cis/trans isomerism). A-E, mono-naphthenes C 10 -C 14 ; F-J, di-naphthenes C 10 -C 13 [141,142] GCÂGC-FID was also used for the quantification of internal olefin or linear α-olefin contamination in petroleum samples [146]. With separate fine-tuned temperature programmes for the two columns, a 7.5 m Rtx-1 Â 2 m BPX-50 column set yielded a fully acceptable separation of the alkene-based components in crude oils; C 15 -C 18 and C 20 alkenes were determined.…”

Insight into unresolved complex mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons in heavy oil via two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis

“…According to the chemical properties of the different compounds, the software can classify them into certain groups, generating the corresponding number and peak area in the peak table. In the data processing results of GC × GC-FID, because the response factor of the FID detector toward all the hydrocarbons was close to 1 [40][41][42], the quantification of compounds was achieved by means of peak area normalization. This means the ratio between the area of one certain compound and the total area of all the aromatic hydrocarbons equals the weight percentage of this compound.…”