Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp., the causal agent of wheat crown and root rot in Iran

Dehghanpour-Farashah, Saeedeh; Taheri, Parissa; Falahati-Rastegar, Mahrokh

doi:10.1007/s42161-019-00400-9

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…5 b and 6 b). These findings are consistent with previous reports in which DON acts as a virulence factor in stem base infection of wheat [ 76 , 82 , 83 ]. Interestingly, in one study investigating Fusarium crown rot, DON production in F. graminearum did not contribute to virulence in the wheat stem base, but did contribute to stem colonization [ 84 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

A comparison between the role of enniatins and deoxynivalenol in Fusarium virulence on different tissues of common wheat

Beccari,

Tini,

Foroud

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium avenaceum are two of the most important causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. They can produce mycotoxins that accumulate in infected wheat heads, including deoxynivalenol (DON) and enniatins (ENNs), produced by F. graminearum and F. avenaceum, respectively. While the role of DON as a virulence factor in F. graminearum toward wheat is well known, ENNs in F. avenaceum has been poorly explored. Results obtained to-date indicate that ENNs may confer an advantage to F. avenaceum only on particular hosts. Results In this study, with the use of ENN-producing and ENN non-producing F. avenaceum strains, the role of ENNs on F. avenaceum virulence was investigated on the root, stem base and head of common wheat, and compared with the role of DON, using DON-producing and DON non-producing F. graminearum strains. The DON-producing F. graminearum strain showed a significantly higher ability to cause symptoms and colonise each of the tested tissues than the non-producing strain. On the other hand, the ability to produce ENNs increased initial symptoms of the disease and fungal biomass accumulation, measured by qPCR, only in wheat heads, and not in roots or stem bases. LC-MS/MS analysis was used to confirm the presence of ENNs and DON in the different strains, and results, both in vitro and in wheat heads, were consistent with the genetics of each strain. Conclusion While the key role of DON on F. graminearum virulence towards three different wheat tissues was noticeable, ENNs seemed to have a role only in influencing F. avenaceum virulence on common wheat heads probably due to an initial delay in the appearance of symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

A comparison between the role of enniatins and deoxynivalenol in Fusarium virulence on different tissues of common wheat

Beccari,

Tini,

Foroud

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Microdochium nivale, formerly known as F. nivale , was isolated from discolored crown tissues, leaf sheaths, stem bases, and roots of bread and/or durum wheat in the United Kingdom [ 58 ], Turkey [ 18 ], Lithuania [ 71 ], Algeria [ 60 , 72 ], and China [ 73 ]. The previous stem base disease surveys found low frequencies of F. proliferatum isolation in Mexico [ 74 ], Turkey [ 18 , 19 ], China [ 10 ], Azerbaijan [ 13 ], and Iran [ 75 ], similarly to our research. Fusarium tricinctum was isolated from wheat roots and crowns in New York [ 70 ] and Turkey [ 18 , 19 ], and it was the dominant species detected on stem bases in Germany [ 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In contrast to these reports, the roots of the most widely planted spring wheat cultivar in Egypt, Sakha 69, were rotted by M. phaseolina , and some isolates of F. oxysporum were capable of killing plants [ 80 ]. In Iran, F. pseudograminearum , F. culmorum , and F. solani had the highest disease index, while F. equiseti had the lowest crown and root rot severity [ 75 ]. In test tube cultures, F. acuminatum , F. solani , F. equiseti , and M. bolleyi caused slight to moderate orange to light-brown discoloration of the crown and seminal roots [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan

Özer

Erper

Yıldız

et al. 2023

JoF

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Fungal species associated with crown and root rot diseases in wheat have been extensively studied in many parts of the world. However, no reports on the relative importance and distribution of pathogens associated with wheat crown and root rot in Kyrgyzstan have been published. Hence, fungal species associated with wheat crown/root rot were surveyed in three main wheat production regions in northern Kyrgyzstan. Fungal species were isolated on 1/5 strength potato-dextrose agar amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/L) and chloramphenicol (0.05 g/L). A total of 598 fungal isolates from symptomatic tissues were identified using morphological features of the cultures and conidia, as well as sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) genes. The percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated and their relative percentage isolation levels were determined. Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of common root rot, was the most prevalent pathogenic species isolated, being isolated from 86.67% of the fields surveyed at a frequency of isolation of 40.64%. Fusarium spp. accounted for 53.01% of all isolates and consisted of 12 different species. The most common Fusarium species identified was Fusarium acuminatum, which was isolated from 70% of the sites surveyed with an isolation frequency of 21.57%, followed by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium equiseti, all of which had a field incidence of more than 23%. Inoculation tests with 44 isolates representing 17 species on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 revealed that Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates were equally the most virulent pathogens. The widespread distribution of moderately virulent B. sorokiniana appears to be a serious threat to wheat culture, limiting yield and quality. With the exception of F. culmorum, the remaining Fusarium species did not pose a significant threat to wheat production in the surveyed areas because common species, such as F. acuminatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti, were non-pathogenic but infrequent species, such as Fusarium redolens, Fusarium algeriense, and F. pseudograminearum, were highly or moderately virulent. Curvularia inaequalis, which was found in three different fields, was mildly virulent. The remaining Fusarium species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium burgessii, and Fusarium tricinctum, as well as Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium nivale, and Macrophomina phaseolina, were non-pathogenic and considered to be secondary colonizers. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…Two phytopathogenic fungi used in this study, including F. culmorum isolate FH9 [19] and F. pseudograminearum isolate Ar1 [29] , were obtained from Culture Collection of Laboratory of Phytopathology in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Both fungal isolates were highly virulent on wheat plants.…”

Section: Fungal Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and Virulence-Modulating Effects of Thyme Essential Oil against Fusarium spp., Causing Wheat Diseases

Faghih-Imani¹,

Taheri

Tarighi³

2020

Applied Microbiology: Theory ＆ Technology

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important cereals and a major source of human food worldwide. Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of important diseases on wheat, including head scab, crown and root rot. Control of Fusarium diseases on wheat is very difficult and important because of not only no complete resistance in any wheat cultivar and long-term survival of the soil-borne pathogen, but also production of carcinogenic mycotoxins in wheat tissues, which are harmful for consumers. Nowadays, to avoid the ecological and environmental damage caused by chemical pesticides and fungicides, there is a great interest to use essential oils as plant-protective agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of these destructive wheat diseases. We investigated the antifungal activities of the essential oils obtained from 4 different plant species and the Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TEO) revealed the highest level of antifungal effect against two mentioned phytopathogens. Contact and volatile phase effects of different concentrations of TEO were found to inhibit the growth of both fungi. Spore germination and production were also strongly inhibited by the TEO. Light microscope scanning of vegetative growth of the fungi revealed destructive changes in the hyphae. The TEO, also showed a high seed protection capability against fungal infection with no negative effect on seed germination. In the in-vivo assay, which was performed under greenhouse conditions using susceptible wheat plans treated with the TEO, significant plant protection was observed against the pathogens. Investigating effect of the main components of the TEO revealed that cymene had the highest effect in decreasing both disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) on wheat plants inoculated by Fusarium species. Therefore, the TEO and its ingredients could be used as environmentally friendly biofungicides in the protection of wheat plants against these Fusarium species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of the TEO and cymene, as its main ingredient, against destructive Fusarium spp. pathogenic on wheat.

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Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp., the causal agent of wheat crown and root rot in Iran

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

A comparison between the role of enniatins and deoxynivalenol in Fusarium virulence on different tissues of common wheat

A comparison between the role of enniatins and deoxynivalenol in Fusarium virulence on different tissues of common wheat

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan

Antifungal and Virulence-Modulating Effects of Thyme Essential Oil against Fusarium spp., Causing Wheat Diseases

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