Identification and partial characterization of a group of weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes of swine distinct from Serpulina innocens isolate B256

Ramanathan, M; Duhamel, G; Mathiesen, Michelle R.; Messier, Serge

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(93)90182-7

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…WBHIS of cluster IV (P43-like strains) have previously been reported to differ both genetically and phenotypically from Serpulina strains belonging to other clusters and subclusters (7,9,10,19,30,32,49,57). Our results strongly support a significant difference between P43-like strains and serpulinas within the other phylogenetic clusters.…”

Section: Except For Cluster III Which Is Represented By S Innocens supporting

confidence: 83%

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The phylogeny of intestinal porcine spirochetes (Serpulina species) based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene

et al. 1996

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Four type or reference strains and twenty-two field strains of intestinal spirochetes isolated from Swedish pig herds were subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences. Almost complete (>95%) 16S rRNA sequences were obtained by solid-phase DNA sequencing of in vitro-amplified rRNA genes. The genotypic patterns were compared with a previously proposed biochemical classification scheme, comprising beta-hemolysis, indole production, hippurate hydrolysis, and ␣-galactosidase, ␣-glucosidase, and ␤-glucosidase activities. Comparison of the small-subunit rRNA sequences showed that the strains of the genus Serpulina were closely related. Phylogenetic trees were constructed, and three clusters were observed. This was also confirmed by signature nucleotide analysis of the serpulinas. The indole-producing strains, including the strains of S. hyodysenteriae and some weakly beta-hemolytic Serpulina strains, formed one cluster. A second cluster comprised weakly beta-hemolytic strains that showed ␤-galactosidase activity but lacked indole production and hippurate-hydrolyzing capacity. The second cluster contained two subclusters with similar phenotypic profiles. A third cluster involved strains that possessed a hippurate-hydrolyzing capacity which was distinct from that of the former two clusters, because of 17 unique nucleotide positions of the 16S rRNA gene. Interestingly, the strains of this third cluster were found likely to have a 16S rRNA structure in the V2 region of the molecule different from that of the serpulinas belonging to the other clusters. As a consequence of these findings, we propose that the intestinal spirochetes of this phenotype (i.e., P43/6/78-like strains) should be regarded as a separate Serpulina species. Furthermore, this cluster was found to be by far the most homogeneous one. In conclusion, the biochemical classification of porcine intestinal spirochetes was comparable to that by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences.

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Section: Except For Cluster III Which Is Represented By S Innocens supporting

confidence: 83%

“…strains (32) and "Serpulina murdochii" has been proposed for weakly beta-hemolytic strains without ␣-galactosidase activity (30). WBHIS that cause intestinal spirochetosis have been found to differ from other serpulinas both genetically and phenetically (7,9,10,19,30,32,49,57). The reference strain for these spirochetes is Serpulina strain P43/6/78 (57).…”

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confidence: 99%

The phylogeny of intestinal porcine spirochetes (Serpulina species) based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene

et al. 1996

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“…The chromosomal DNA of the spirochetes was isolated using a previously described method. 28 An S. pilosicoli-specific 16S rRNA gene sequence was amplified using a modification 24 of a previously described method. 26 A 21-base forward primer extending from base position 65 of S. pilosicoli isolate P43/6/78 16S rRNA gene b (5Ј-AGAGGAAAGTTTTTTCGCTTC-3Ј) and a 20-base Serpulina spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,13,31 However, an association between a WBHIS, recently classified as S. pilosicoli, and a nonfatal diarrheal disease of growing pigs, called porcine intestinal spirochetosis or porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS), has been recognized. 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]19,[24][25][26][27][28][32][33][34][35][36][37] With more intensive swine production, where the efficiency of weight gain is closely monitored, PCS has been recognized as a major contributing factor to reduced performance in growing and finishing pigs. 5,6,8,9,10,12,34 Koch's postulates for S. pilosicoli have been fulfilled using gnotobiotic pigs 25 and conventional pigs.…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of Four Antimicrobial Agents against North American Isolates of Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli

et al. 1998

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Abstract. Porcine colonic spirochetosis is a nonfatal diarrheal disease that affects pigs during the growing and finishing stages of production. The disease is caused by Serpulina pilosicoli, a newly recognized species of pathogenic intestinal spirochete. Antimicrobial therapy aimed at reducing the infection may be helpful in controlling spirochetal diarrhea. In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of the reference isolate S. pilosicoli P43/6/78 from the United Kingdom and 19 field isolates obtained from pigs in Canada (n ϭ 5) and the United States (n ϭ 14) were determined against the antimicrobial agents carbadox, gentamicin, lincomycin, and tiamulin, all of which are commonly used for control of the related pathogenic intestinal spirochete S. hyodysenteriae. Additionally, the susceptibility or resistance of each isolate against each antimicrobial agent was estimated on the basis of available data on the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints of S. hyodysenteriae. Each isolate was identified on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic markers, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of each antimicrobial agent was determined by the agar-dilution method. All the isolates were susceptible to carbadox and tiamulin. The percentages of isolates susceptible, intermediate, and resistant to lincomycin were 42.1%, 42.1%, and 15.8%, respectively. Slightly less than half of the isolates (47.4%) were susceptible to gentamicin, and the remainder (52.6%) were resistant. Implementation of rational control measures to reduce infection by S. pilosicoli should improve overall health and productivity in swine herds.Until recently, porcine hemolytic intestinal spirochetes consisted of 2 taxonomically recognized species in the genus Serpulina: the strongly ␤-hemolytic spirochete Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery, and the weakly ␤-hemolytic intestinal spirochete (WBHIS) S. innocens, a nonpathogenic spirochete of the swine colon. 7,13,31 However, an association between a WBHIS, recently classified as S. pilosicoli, and a nonfatal diarrheal disease of growing pigs, called porcine intestinal spirochetosis or porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS), has been recognized. 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]19,[24][25][26][27][28][32][33][34][35][36][37] With more intensive swine production, where the efficiency of weight gain is closely monitored, PCS has been recognized as a major contributing factor to reduced performance in growing and finishing pigs. 5,6,8,9,10,12,34 Koch's postulates for S. pilosicoli have been fulfilled using gnotobiotic pigs 25 and conventional pigs. 3,5,[33][34][35] Conventional pigs challenge exposed with S. pilosicoli have diarrhea and reduced performance as a result of colonization and inflammation of the cecum and colon. 3,5,[33][34][35] Clinical signs of S. pilosicoli infection consist of diarrhea, which is transient to persistent. The feces from diarrheic pigs are watery to mucoid in consistency,

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“…Work undertaken in the early to mid-1990s, using mainly multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (20)(21)(22)(23) but also DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and biochemical testing (24)(25)(26), demonstrated that spirochetes resembling P43/6/78 that had been isolated from pigs, human beings, and poultry all belonged to a distinct new species of intestinal spirochete that is now known as B. pilosicoli (27). At that time this species was referred to as "Anguillina coli" (21,22) or "group IV weakly hemolytic intestinal spirochetes" (25), before being officially named Serpulina pilosicoli (28).…”

Section: History and Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

Hampson

2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY Brachyspira pilosicoli is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. B. pilosicoli has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider B. pilosicoli in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.

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Identification and partial characterization of a group of weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes of swine distinct from Serpulina innocens isolate B256

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

The phylogeny of intestinal porcine spirochetes (Serpulina species) based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene

The phylogeny of intestinal porcine spirochetes (Serpulina species) based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene

In Vitro Activity of Four Antimicrobial Agents against North American Isolates of Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

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