Identification and optimization of parameters for the semi-continuous production of garbage enzyme from pre-consumer organic waste by green RP-HPLC method

Arun, C.; Sivashanmugam, P.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.010

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Acetic acid, which was derived from the natural fermentation of fruit peels, also contributed to its antimicrobial properties. Though the concentration of acetic acid in M-EE and P-EE was not measured in this study, a previous study showed that its concentration increases with a longer fermentation period [57]. This was attributed to the hydrolysis of complex organic compounds into simpler compounds through anaerobic fermentation, resulting in the accumulation of low molecular weight acetic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Mavani

Tew

Wong

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), an effective endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (EF), is harmful to periapical tissues. Natural pineapple-orange eco-enzymes (M-EE) and papaya eco-enzyme (P-EE) could be potential alternatives. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of M-EE and P-EE at different concentrations and fermentation periods against EF, compared to 2.5% NaOCl. Fermented M-EE and P-EE (3 and 6 months) at various concentrations were mixed with EF in a 96-well plate incubated for 24 h anaerobically. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of M-EE and P-EE were determined via EF growth observation. EF inhibition was quantitatively measured and compared between different irrigants using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and different fermentation periods using the independent-samples T-test. M-EE and P-EE showed MIC at 50% and MBC at 100% concentrations. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect when comparing M-EE and P-EE at 50% and 100% to 2.5% NaOCl. P-EE at 6 months fermentation exhibited higher EF inhibition compared to 3 months at concentrations of 25% (p = 0.017) and 0.78% (p = 0.009). The antimicrobial properties of M-EE and P-EE, at both 100% and 50% concentrations, are comparable to 2.5% NaOCl. They could therefore be potential alternative endodontic irrigants, but further studies are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Mavani

Tew

Wong

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Figure 2 shows that the antifungal activity of AJ was positively correlated with dosage. The production of AJ is a fermentation process dominated by BM in which sugar is converted into organic acids and the acids gradually accumulate (Arun and Sivashanmugam 2015;Selvakumar and Sivashanmugam 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that AJ contains acid-based substances (AS), such as lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA), and bene cial microorganisms (BM), such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB); (Selvakumar and Sivashanmugam 2017;Arun and Sivashanmugam 2015;Rahman et al 2020;Di et al 2020), which are veri ed to show the inhibitory ability against B. cinerea (Trias et al 2008;Drysdale and Fleet 1989;Golnaz Hesami 2013;Lagopodi et al 2009;De Corato et al 2014;De Vuyst and Leroy 2020). As an ecosystem of AS and BM, AJ has displayed a strong antifungal activity in rural regions of China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microbial Ecosystem: Agricultural Jiaosu Achieves Effective and Lasting Antifungal Activity against Botrytis Cinerea

Zhang

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Synthetic fungicides are eco-unfriendly to agriculture and the environment. Agricultural Jiaosu (AJ), which originates from organic wastes, has the potential to be a substitute for synthetic fungicides. In this study, the characteristics of AJ and its antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea were investigated for the first time. AJ was rich in lactic acid (4.46 g/L), acetic acid (1.52 g/L), Lactobacillus (72.45 %) and Acetobacter (15.23%), which was a microbial ecosystem consisting of acid-based substances (AS) and beneficial microorganisms (BM). The results of the antifungal assays suggested that B. cinerea was effectively inhibited by AJ, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9.24%. AJ showed the strongest and most-lasting inhibitory effect compared to cell-free supernatant and microbial solution of AJ, indicating that AS and BM and their synergistic effect contributed to the antifungal activity of AJ. Two-step inhibition’ is an antifungal mode of AJ. Firstly, AS not only inhibited the pathogen directly but also provided a dominant niche for BM of AJ. Then, BM in AJ, especially Acetobacter, proliferated and metabolized acetic acid continuously. Thus, AJ achieved high-efficiency and long-acting inhibition. AJ is a promising biological agent considering its features of an eco-friendly, low-cost and easy-to-operate biological agent in rural areas

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“…According to the Light Industry Standards of the People’s Republic of China of the Guidelines for Jiaosu Products Classification and Plant Jiaosu, AJ is defined as an ecological product made via fermentation using organic wastes as substrates (MIIT-China 2018a , b ). Previous studies have shown that AJ contains acid-based substances (AS), such as lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA), and beneficial microorganisms (BM), such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB); (Selvakumar and Sivashanmugam 2017 ; Arun and Sivashanmugam 2015 ; Rahman et al 2020 ; Di et al 2020 ), which are verified to show the inhibitory ability against B. cinerea (Trias et al 2008 ; Drysdale and Fleet 1989 ; Golnaz Hesami 2013 ; Lagopodi et al 2009 ; De Corato et al 2014 ; De Vuyst and Leroy 2020 ). As an ecosystem of AS and BM, AJ has displayed a strong antifungal activity in rural regions of China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microbial ecosystem: agricultural Jiaosu achieves effective and lasting antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthetic fungicides are eco-unfriendly to agriculture and the environment. Agricultural Jiaosu (AJ), which originates from organic wastes, has the potential to be a substitute for synthetic fungicides. In this study, the characteristics of AJ and its antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea were investigated for the first time. AJ was rich in lactic acid (4.46 g/L), acetic acid (1.52 g/L), Lactobacillus (72.45%) and Acetobacter (15.23%), which was a microbial ecosystem consisting of acid-based substances (AS) and beneficial microorganisms (BM). The results of the antifungal assays suggested that B. cinerea was effectively inhibited by AJ, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9.24%. AJ showed the strongest and most-lasting inhibitory effect compared to cell-free supernatant and microbial solution of AJ, indicating that AS and BM and their synergistic effect contributed to the antifungal activity of AJ. Two-step inhibition’ is an antifungal mode of AJ. Firstly, AS not only inhibited the pathogen directly but also provided a dominant niche for BM of AJ. Then, BM in AJ, especially Acetobacter, proliferated and metabolized acetic acid continuously. Thus, AJ achieved high-efficiency and long-acting inhibition. AJ is a promising biological agent considering its features of an eco-friendly, low-cost and easy-to-operate biological agent in rural areas.

show abstract

Identification and optimization of parameters for the semi-continuous production of garbage enzyme from pre-consumer organic waste by green RP-HPLC method

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

A Microbial Ecosystem: Agricultural Jiaosu Achieves Effective and Lasting Antifungal Activity against Botrytis Cinerea

A microbial ecosystem: agricultural Jiaosu achieves effective and lasting antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea

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