Identification and mapping of a new recessive dwarfing gene dw9 on the 6RL rye chromosome and its phenotypic effects

Abstract

The introduction of high-yielding semi-dwarf varieties of wheat into cultivation has led to a "green revolution." This has required intensive research into various sources of dwarfism in wheat. However, there has been very little advancement in research on dwarfing genes in rye in comparison to wheat or barley. So far, three dominant dwarfing genes (Ddw1, Ddw3, and Ddw4) and three recessive genes (ct1, ct2, and np) have been characterized and precisely mapped in rye. There is no complete catalog of dwarfing genes available in rye. This paper presents an identification of the source of dwarfism and preliminary characterization of the new recessive gene dw9 from the BK-1 line. The gene was mapped on the long arm of the 6R chromosome and belongs to the GA-insensitive group. The initial characterization of the influence of this gene on morphological traits shows that it significantly affects the decrease of yielding trait parameters. A full evaluation can be performed after detailed breeding studies.

Development and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Novel Wheat-Rye T6RS.6AL Translocation Line from Secale cereale L. Qinling with Resistance to Stripe Rust and Powdery Mildew

“…There were 287 disease resistance-associated genes mapped on the 6R chromosome [28]. Breeders paid more attention to the use of the 6R chromosome because there were many excellent genes on the 6R chromosome of rye that can be used for the genetic improvement of wheat [9,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][45][46][47]. The 6R chromosome of rye has also been transferred from different rye varieties into the wheat genome.…”

“…In addition to 1RS, only a few alien chromosomes or genes have been used in wheat breeding programs. The 6R chromosome of rye contains many useful genes for wheat genetic improvement, such as resistance genes for pests (H25) [31], powdery mildew (Pm20 and Pm56) [32,33], stripe rust (Yr83) [34,35], and dwarfing [36]. However, most of the favorite genes of 6R were located on the long chromosome arm (6RL), and most of the 6R chromosomes existed in the wheat genome in the form of chromosome additions [9,37].…”

The Relationships between Plant Developmental Traits and Winter Field Survival in Rye (Secale cereale L.)

“…Tall plants are generally desired for biomass production [1], but less advantageous for grain production as long peduncles can cause lodging with negative effects on grain quality and yield. Reduction in plant height in rye by introgression of dwarfing genes, such as Ddw1 [43], have not resulted in similar yield increases obtained by semi-dwarf wheat [44], which commonly carries various height-reducing alleles [45,46]. Observations in winter wheat support semi-dwarfing genes do not negatively influence LTT [37]; thus, the search for new sources of height-reducing genes for winter rye continues.…”