Identification and Localization of Extraradicular Biofilm-Forming Bacteria Associated with Refractory Endodontic Pathogens

Noguchi, Nobuo; Noiri, Yuichiro; Narimatsu, Masahiro; Ebisu, Shigeyuki

doi:10.1128/aem.71.12.8738-8743.2005

Cited by 87 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…For example, Noguchi et al have identified 113 biofilmforming bacterial species on root surfaces outside the apical foramen and associated with refractory periapical periodontitis [12]. More often, the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method is employed to separate PCR-amplified community 16S rRNA on the basis of G+C content [13].…”

Section: Methods For Study Of Multiple-species Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of multi‐species biofilms

et al. 2011

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Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the majority of microbes persist as surface-attached communities surrounded by matrix materials, called biofilms. Biofilms can be formed by a single bacterial strain. However, most natural biofilms are actually formed by multiple bacterial species. Conventional methods for bacterial cleaning, such as applications of antibiotics and/or disinfectants are often ineffective for biofilm populations due to their special physiology and physical matrix barrier. It has been estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year worldwide to deal with damage to equipment, contaminations of products, energy losses, and infections in human beings resulted from microbial biofilms. Microorganisms compete, cooperate, and communicate with each other in multi-species biofilms. Understanding the mechanisms of multi-species biofilm formation will facilitate the development of methods for combating bacterial biofilms in clinical, environmental, industrial, and agricultural areas. The most recent advances in the understanding of multi-species biofilms are summarized and discussed in the review.

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Section: Methods For Study Of Multiple-species Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of multi‐species biofilms

et al. 2011

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“…However, NaOCl has cytotoxic and neurotoxic effects when extruded into periapical tissues (3). Although NaOCl acts directly on target bacteria, several factors-such as the anatomical complexities of root canals, deep invasion of microorganisms into dentinal tubules, and formation of biofilm on the surface of the root apex-make it difficult to completely eliminate microorganisms from root canals and periapical lesions (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis

Arneiro¹,

Nakano²,

Antunes³

et al. 2014

J Oral Sci

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Effective decontamination of root canalsystems is a constant concern in clinical practice. In this article, we compare the performance of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in reducing the amount of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals. Relevant studies were identified by searching electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, BVS (Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and BBO), Scopus, and Cochrane, and by manually searching the references of identified studies. The terms used in the literature search were "photodynamic therapy" and "Enterococcus faecalis". We selected 13 experimental studies that exclusively assessed the performance of PDT in reducing E. faecalis in root canals of human teeth. In an evaluation of methodological quality, 12 articles were classified as moderate-quality reports and 1 as a high-quality report. No article needed to be excluded because of low-quality methodology. The results showed that PDT had a better antimicrobial effect when used as an adjuvant endodontic treatment to NaOCl. However, this finding should be carefully interpreted, as there are few relevant studies and the methods of the selected studies varied. (J Oral Sci 56, 277-285, 2014)

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“…P. gingivalis is also frequently detected from extraradicular biofilms, which are refractory infectious lesions that are located outside the root apex (31). The virulence factors of P. gingivalis, such as proteolytic activity, fimbriae, capsules, and hemagglutinating activity, have been described (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibiofilm Effects of Azithromycin and Erythromycin on Porphyromonas gingivalis

Maezono

Noiri

Asahi

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Antibiotic resistance of biofilm-grown bacteria contributes to chronic infections, such as marginal and periapical periodontitis, which are strongly associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Concurrent azithromycin (AZM) administration and mechanical debridement improve the clinical parameters of periodontal tissue in situ. We examined the in vitro efficacy of AZM against P. gingivalis biofilms. The susceptibilities of adherent P. gingivalis strains 381, HW24D1, 6/26, and W83 to AZM, erythromycin (ERY), ampicillin (AMP), ofloxacin (OFX), and gentamicin (GEN) were investigated using a static model. The optical densities of adherent P. gingivalis cells were significantly decreased by using AZM and ERY at sub-MIC levels compared with those of the controls in all the strains tested, except for the effect of ERY on strain W83. AMP and OFX inhibited P. gingivalis adherent cells at levels over their MICs, and GEN showed no inhibition in the static model. The effects of AZM and ERY against biofilm cells were investigated using a flow cell model. The ATP levels of P. gingivalis biofilms were significantly decreased by AZM at concentrations below the sub-MICs; however, ERY was not effective for inhibition of P. gingivalis biofilm cells at their sub-MICs. Furthermore, decreased density of P. gingivalis biofilms was observed three-dimensionally with sub-MIC AZM, using confocal laser scanning microscopy. These findings suggest that AZM is effective against P. gingivalis biofilms at sub-MIC levels and could have future clinical application for oral biofilm infections, such as chronic marginal and periapical periodontitis.

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Identification and Localization of Extraradicular Biofilm-Forming Bacteria Associated with Refractory Endodontic Pathogens

Cited by 87 publications

References 31 publications

Current understanding of multi‐species biofilms

Current understanding of multi‐species biofilms

Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis

Antibiofilm Effects of Azithromycin and Erythromycin on Porphyromonas gingivalis

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