Identification and immune responses of thrombocytes in bacterial and viral infections in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

He, Yan; Zhu, Wentao; Xu, Tianbing; Liao, Zhiwei; Su, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.009

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The cytoplasm of thrombocytes appears to have a surface-connected canalicular system [ 15 ]. Thrombocytes are also capable of producing and releasing a vast array of bioactive proteins that are inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immune-modulating molecules [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In addition, large, acid phosphatase-positive granules, similar to mammalian lysosomal granules, have been observed in avian thrombocytes [ 24 ].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish thrombocytes also express many genes associated with inflammation including CD62P, IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IFNγ, IL-11, iNOS, TGF, the interleukin receptor common chain, as well as CXC and CC chemokines [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 51 ]. The pro-inflammatory cytokines released by leukocytes in response to injury and tissue damage stimulate hepatocytes to produce acute-phase proteins (e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), metal-binding protein, lysozyme, lectin, etc.)…”

Section: Immunoregulatory Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These proteins are responsible for a variety of defense-related activities such as the inactivation of proteolytic enzymes, preventing the distribution of infectious agents (i.e., either by the destruction of microorganisms or making microbial cells suitable for cell response by modifying surface targets), and the restoration of damaged tissue to a healthy condition. In a study performed by He et al [ 22 ], it was demonstrated that grass carp thrombocytes significantly upregulated the mRNA expressions of some innate immune genes when challenged with bacteria ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) and reovirus (grass carp reovirus). In addition, they determined that the number of thrombocytes in peripheral blood increased after viral and bacterial stimulation, indicating that the increase in the number of thrombocytes in the body may be involved in immune regulation during pathogen invasion.…”

Section: Immunoregulatory Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they determined that the number of thrombocytes in peripheral blood increased after viral and bacterial stimulation, indicating that the increase in the number of thrombocytes in the body may be involved in immune regulation during pathogen invasion. Fish thrombocytes also express many genes associated with inflammation including CD62P, IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IFNγ, IL-11, iNOS, TGF, the interleukin receptor common chain, as well as CXC and CC chemokines [21][22][23]51]. The pro-inflammatory cytokines released by leukocytes in response to injury and tissue damage stimulate hepatocytes to produce acute-phase proteins (e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), metal-binding protein, lysozyme, lectin, etc.)…”

Section: Immunoregulatory Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Immunological Capacity of Thrombocytes

Ferdous,

Scott

2023

IJMS

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Thrombocytes are numerous in the blood of aves (birds) and ichthyoids (fish). The origin of this cell type is a common hematopoietic stem cell giving rise to a cell that is active in blood coagulation, inflammatory functions, and the immune response in general. It has been well documented that thrombocytes can phagocytize small particles and bacteria. While phagocytosis with an associated oxidative burst has been reported for chicken thrombocytes, some questions remain as to the degradation capacity of phagosomes in ichthyoids. As innate cells, thrombocytes can be stimulated by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to express altered gene expression. Furthermore, there have been observations that led researchers to state that platelets/thrombocytes are capable of serving as “professional antigen presenting cells” expressing CD40, CD80/86, MHC I, and MHC II. This indeed may be the case or, more likely at this time, provide supporting evidence that these cells aid and assist in the role of professional antigen-presenting cells to initiate adaptive immune responses.

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