Identification and Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated From Water and Soil Samples of a Metropolitan City

Velayati, Ali Akbar; Farnia, Parissa; Mozafari, Mohadese; Malekshahian, Donya; Farahbod, Amir Masoud; Seif, Shima; Rahideh, Snaz; Mirsaeidi, Mehdi

doi:10.1378/chest.14-0960

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The LAM genotype (3%) was found in our study with a unique spoligopattern (ST 33). LAM was also isolated from water samples in Iran [39], suggesting that it might be transmitted across the border between the two countries. The LAM genotype is relatively rare in Pakistan, but a few cases have been reported from the Sindh province [19], which shares a border with Balochistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Central Asian strain (ST 26) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Balochistan by spoligotyping

Shafee¹,

Abbas²,

Tanveer³

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating infectious disease causing a severe challenge to public health, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine genetic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in the Balochistan region of Pakistan. Methodology: One hundred isolates collected from patients visiting the Fatima Jinnah TB Hospital in Quetta were subjected to genotype analysis by spoligotyping. Results: Three main genotypes were identified: Central Asian Strain 1 (CAS1) (n = 89), East African Indian (EAI) strain (n = 7) and Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) strain (n = 3). The CAS1 clade (ST 26) had high genetic diversity represented by seven different spoligopatterns, of which one had major predominace (n = 75). Conclusions: This is the first insight into the genotype of M. tuberculosis strains in the Balochistan region that might serve as a base line study for control of tuberculosis in the community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Central Asian strain (ST 26) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Balochistan by spoligotyping

Shafee¹,

Abbas²,

Tanveer³

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…13 M. tuberculosis has been detected in stool specimens of individuals with active TB, 20 and in soil and wastewater in high TB burden areas. 21 M. tuberculosis transmission from medical waste 22 and aerosolization from wound irrigation 23 has been documented. While it is possible that M. tuberculosis aerosolization via flush toilets could occur, 24 it is likely that flush toilet use may be a proxy for some unmeasured factor associated with acquisition of M. tuberculosis infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and correlates of tuberculosis IGRA conversion among HIV-infected postpartum women

Jonnalagadda¹,

LaCourse²,

Otieno³

et al. 2015

int j tuberc lung dis

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SUMMARY SETTING Prevention of maternal-to-child transmission program at a tertiary care hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. The risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among peripartum human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected women is poorly defined. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of and co-factors for interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) conversion among postpartum HIV-infected women using T-SPOT.TB. DESIGN We used data and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a historical cohort of HIV-infected women enrolled at 32 weeks’ gestation and followed for 1 year postpartum between 1999 and 2005. RESULTS Of 89 women initially IGRA-negative during pregnancy, 11 (12.4%) became positive, 53 (59.5%) remained negative and 25 (28.1%) were indeterminate at 1 year postpartum. Mean interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response among converters increased from ~1 to >50 spot-forming cells/well (P = 0.015). IGRA conversion was significantly associated with partner HIV infection, flush toilets, maternal illness and cough during follow-up, but not maternal CD4 count or HIV viral load. CONCLUSION The high rates of IGRA conversion seen among HIV-infected postpartum women in our study are similar to those of other groups at high risk for M. tuberculosis infection. This has important implications for M. tuberculosis infection screening strategies and provision of preventive therapy for the health of women and their infants.

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“…In this issue of CHEST (see page 1094), Velayati et al 1 reported the surprising finding of viable M tuberculosis in 10% of water samples (and 1% of soil samples) in metropolitan Tehran.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elegant studies that showed that M tuberculosis can be spread by aerosolized droplet nuclei did not exclude transmission through other routes. The findings of Velayati et al 1 suggest that a broader view of possible routes of TB transmission should be reconsidered. Furthermore, immunologic effects of oral exposure to environmental sources of M tuberculosis , whether associated with infection and disease, merit consideration.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated From Water and Soil Samples of a Metropolitan City

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Th e potential role of environmental Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the epidemiology of TB remains unknown. We investigated the transmission of M tuberculosis from humans to the environment and the possible transmission of M tuberculosis from the environment to humans.

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Predominance of Central Asian strain (ST 26) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Balochistan by spoligotyping

Predominance of Central Asian strain (ST 26) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Balochistan by spoligotyping

Incidence and correlates of tuberculosis IGRA conversion among HIV-infected postpartum women

How Is TB Transmitted?

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