Identification and genomic characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus in China

Abstract

Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are a group of small non-enveloped viruses with seven species (porcine parvovirus 1–7, PPV1-7) have been identified. In this study, a novel porcine parvovirus, provisionally named porcine parvovirus 8 (PPV8), was initially identified via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-positive samples collected from swine herds in Guangdong province, 2021. The nearly full-length genome of PPV8 strain GDJM2021 is 4,380 nucleotides in length with two overlapping open ORFs encoding NS1 and VP1 respectively. Sequence analysis indicated that PPV8 shared 16.23–44.18% sequence identity at the genomic levels to PPV1-7 with the relatively highest homology to PPV1. PPV8-GDJM2021 shared 31.86–32.68% aa sequence identity of NS1 protein with those of PPV1 and porcine bufavirus (PBuV), and formed an independent branch neighboring to those formed by members of the genus Protoparvovirus. Of the 211 clinical samples collected from 1990 to 2021, 37 samples (17.5%) distributed over 12 regions in China were positive for PPV8 with time spanning 24 years (1998–2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genomic characterization of the novel PPV8 and its epidemiological situations in China.

The Novel Porcine Parvoviruses: Current State of Knowledge and Their Possible Implications in Clinical Syndromes in Pigs

“…Likewise, higher viral titers to PRRSV have been determined in PPV7positive pigs [60,63]; this suggests that PPV7 would also stimulate PRRSV replication [63]. Regarding PPV8, there is only one report about coinfection in lung tissue concurrently with PRRSV [15]. Summarizing what was stated in this section, many studies corroborate the presence of nPPVs in coinfection in healthy and sick pigs (mainly PRDC and PRF) with other primary viral agents.…”

“…Subsequently, it was detected in different continents [23,62,76,96] from different types of samples with varied prevalences and in wild pigs [22,66]. Finally, PPV8 was reported in China in a retrospective study (1998-2021) carried out on lung samples from pigs with symptoms of fever or respiratory signs, finding a prevalence of 17.4% [15]. The distribution of nPPVs at a global level is discriminated in Figure 2.…”

“…PPV6 is one of the nPPVs found most frequently in the lungs (12.5%) of pigs with PRDC [97]. Finally, PPV5, PPV7, and PPV8 were detected in the lungs of pigs with respiratory symptoms, but their possible association with PRDC has not been established [15,97,100]. An essential contribution to understanding the participation of nPPVs in PRDC was a study that compared the sera from piglets (1-2 months of age) with respiratory symptoms to sera from clinically healthy control pigs and detected PPV2, PPV3, and PPV6 in the sick pigs [97], ultimately reinforcing the proposal that these viruses may be actors of the PRDC.…”

“…In mammals, PVs are related to multiple clinical conditions such as reproductive diseases in pigs [4], enteritis in dogs [5], panleukopenia in cats [6], nervous disease and immune complex-mediated vasculitis in humans [7], hepatitis in horses [8], and respiratory disease also in humans [9]. In the swine population, eight porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been described (PPV1 through PPV8) that are distributed within different subfamilies and viral genera [10][11][12][13][14][15], particularly PPV2 through PPV8 are called novel PPVs (nPPVs). Although the complete genome sequences for all PPVs are reported, it is still unknown whether nPPVs cause or promote the presentation of diseases [3].…”

Molecular Survey on Porcine Parvoviruses (PPV1-7) and Their Association with Major Pathogens in Reproductive Failure Outbreaks in Northern Italy

“…When PPV7 was discovered in 2016, the new Chaphamaparvovirus ungulate 1 species was proposed, due to its high divergence from previous parvovirus species, and it was placed into the Chaphamaparvovirus genus. One more species (PPV8) was recently identified in 2022 and was tentatively assigned to the same genus of the original PPV1 ( Protoparvovirus ), but taxonomic classification has not been defined yet [ 18 ].…”