Identification and Genomic Analysis of a Second Species of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolated from Mamestra configurata

Abstract

MacoNPV-96B is a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from naturally infected Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. It was initially identified due to its completely different restriction endonuclease profile relative to the previously sequenced Mamestra configurata virus MacoNPV-90/2 (Q. Li, C. Donly, L. Li, L. G. Willis, D. A. Theilmann, and M. Erlandson, 2002, Virology 294, 106-121). The MacoNPV-96B host range and virulence were also found to differ significantly from those of the previous isolate. To further understand the complex of viruses infecting M. configurata, the genome of MacoNPV-96B was completely sequenced and analyzed in comparison with the genome of MacoNPV-90/2 and other sequenced baculoviruses. MacoNPV-96B consists of 158,482 bp, and 168 open reading frames (ORFs) of 150 nucleotides or longer with minimal overlap have been identified. The genome of MacoNPV-96B is 3422 bp larger than MacoNPV-90/2 and although gene arrangement is virtually identical, there are 9 ORFs unique to MacoNPV-96B and 10 unique to MacoNPV-90/2. bro genes were found to be associated with nonhomologous regions, suggesting that bro genes may facilitate recombination between genomes. A major difference in the gene content between the two viruses is a 5.4-kb insert in MacoNPV-96B, which is highly homologous to a cluster of Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (XecnGV) ORFs, suggesting recent recombination events between these two viruses. Nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence identity between the common ORFs of MacoNPV-96B and MacoNPV-90/2 average 87 and 90%, respectively. The sequence data suggest that MacoNPV-96B and MacoNPV-90/2 are closely related but have diverged and evolved into two separate species. This is the first study to identify highly related but separately evolving viruses in the same insect host and geographic location. A new Identity-GeneParityPlot analysis was developed to perform a comparison of two viral genomes in gene content and arrangement as well as homology level of individual ORFs.

Comparative analysis of the genomes of Rachiplusia ou and Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses

“…3) and the alignments of AcMNPV and RoMNPV hrs require multiple gaps, suggesting that numerous deletions and insertions have occurred in the regions between the palindromic repeats in the hrs of these viruses. A similar pattern of deletions and insertions has been observed upon comparison of the hrs of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and Helicoverpa zea SNPV (HzSNPV; Chen et al, 2002), and Mamestra configurata NPV (McNPV) isolates 90/2 and 96B (Li et al, 2002a). These observations confirm previous suggestions that hrs are sites of frequent recombination and rearrangement in baculovirus genomes.…”

“…No other homologues of these genes were detected elsewhere in the RoMNPV genome. The ctl ORF has also been found in the genomes of Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV; Ahrens et al, 1997), McNPV-90/2 and -96B (Li et al, 2002a, b), Lymantria dispar MNPV (LdMNPV; Kuzio et al, 1999) and Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (XecnGV; Hayakawa et al, 1999). Deletion of ctl from AcMNPV had no effect on replication in tissue culture (Eldridge et al, 1992) and the function of ctl is unknown.…”

“…AAB47865); LoobMNPV, Lonomia obliqua MNPV (accession no. AAF98122); MacoNPV-A, Mamestra configurata NPV strain 90/2 (Li et al, 2002b); MacoNPV-B, Mamestra configurata NPV strain 96B (Li et al, 2002a); MadiNPV, Malacosoma disstria NPV (accession no. AAD00095); ManeNPV, Malacosoma neustria NPV (accession no.…”

Identification of a Lymantria dispar Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolate That Does Not Accumulate Few-Polyhedra Mutants during Extended Serial Passage in Cell Culture

“…As seen with the GV enhancins, when the MacoNPV-A enhancin gene was expressed in a recombinant AcMNPV, an increase in viral infectivity was found in comparison to wild-type AcMNPV (16). Sequencing of a second MacoNPV (MacoNPV-B) revealed the presence of an enhancin gene (15). MacoNPV-B is closely related to MacoNPV-A but is proposed to be a separate species.…”

Detecção e análise filogenética de vírus em melancia e construção de novos vetores virais para expressão de proteínas em células de inseto

“…Estas ORFs são dispersas ao longo do genoma e podem influenciar na diversidade genômica por apresentarem estrutura propensa a recombinação entre genomas e causar heterogeneidade entre genótipos (Li et al, 2002;2005;Zhang et al, 2005). Também foram identificados 37 genes conservados (core genes) em todos os genomas sequenciados da família Baculoviridae (Miele et al, 2011), geralmente usados na classificação taxonomia e estudos sobre a relação evolutiva.…”